ругая
Bulgarian
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian руга́ть (rugátʹ), which is a doublet of ръга́я (rǎgája) (inherited), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *rǫgati.
Superficially also resembles Bulgarian ръ́гам (rǎ́gam, “to prod”), however, their semantics don't match exactly.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ruˈɡajə]
Verb
руга́я • (rugája) impf
Conjugation
Conjugation of руга́я (conjugation 1.7, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | руга́ещ rugáešt |
руга́л rugál |
руга́ел rugáel |
руга́н rugán |
руга́ейки rugáejki | |
| definite subject form | руга́ещият rugáeštijat |
руга́лият rugálijat |
— | руга́ният rugánijat | |||
| definite object form | руга́ещия rugáeštija |
руга́лия rugálija |
— | руга́ния rugánija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | руга́еща rugáešta |
руга́ла rugála |
руга́ела rugáela |
руга́на rugána | ||
| definite | руга́ещата rugáeštata |
руга́лата rugálata |
— | руга́ната rugánata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | руга́ещо rugáešto |
руга́ло rugálo |
руга́ело rugáelo |
руга́но rugáno |
руга́ене rugáene | |
| definite | руга́ещото rugáeštoto |
руга́лото rugáloto |
— | руга́ното rugánoto |
руга́енето rugáeneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | руга́ещи rugáešti |
руга́ли rugáli |
руга́ели rugáeli |
руга́ни rugáni |
руга́ения, руга́енета rugáenija, rugáeneta | |
| definite | руга́ещите rugáeštite |
руга́лите rugálite |
— | руга́ните rugánite |
руга́енията, руга́енетата rugáenijata, rugáenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | руга́я rugája |
руга́еш rugáeš |
руга́е rugáe |
руга́ем rugáem |
руга́ете rugáete |
руга́ят rugájat | |
| imperfect | руга́ех rugáeh |
руга́еше rugáeše |
руга́еше rugáeše |
руга́ехме rugáehme |
руга́ехте rugáehte |
руга́еха rugáeha | |
| aorist | руга́х rugáh |
руга́ rugá |
руга́ rugá |
руга́хме rugáhme |
руга́хте rugáhte |
руга́ха rugáha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and руга́ел m, руга́ела f, руга́ело n, or руга́ели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and руга́ел m, руга́ела f, руга́ело n, or руга́ели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and руга́ел m, руга́ела f, руга́ело n, or руга́ели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| руга́й rugáj |
руга́йте rugájte |
||||||
Conjugation of руга́я (conjugation 1.7, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | руга́ещ rugáešt |
руга́л rugál |
руга́ел rugáel |
— | руга́ейки rugáejki | |
| definite subject form | руга́ещият rugáeštijat |
руга́лият rugálijat |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | руга́ещия rugáeštija |
руга́лия rugálija |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | руга́еща rugáešta |
руга́ла rugála |
руга́ела rugáela |
— | ||
| definite | руга́ещата rugáeštata |
руга́лата rugálata |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | руга́ещо rugáešto |
руга́ло rugálo |
руга́ело rugáelo |
— | руга́ене rugáene | |
| definite | руга́ещото rugáeštoto |
руга́лото rugáloto |
— | — | руга́енето rugáeneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | руга́ещи rugáešti |
руга́ли rugáli |
руга́ели rugáeli |
— | руга́ения, руга́енета rugáenija, rugáeneta | |
| definite | руга́ещите rugáeštite |
руга́лите rugálite |
— | — | руга́енията, руга́енетата rugáenijata, rugáenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | руга́я rugája |
руга́еш rugáeš |
руга́е rugáe |
руга́ем rugáem |
руга́ете rugáete |
руга́ят rugájat | |
| imperfect | руга́ех rugáeh |
руга́еше rugáeše |
руга́еше rugáeše |
руга́ехме rugáehme |
руга́ехте rugáehte |
руга́еха rugáeha | |
| aorist | руга́х rugáh |
руга́ rugá |
руга́ rugá |
руга́хме rugáhme |
руга́хте rugáhte |
руга́ха rugáha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and руга́ел m, руга́ела f, руга́ело n, or руга́ели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and руга́ел m, руга́ела f, руга́ело n, or руга́ели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and руга́ел m, руга́ела f, руга́ело n, or руга́ели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| руга́й rugáj |
руга́йте rugájte |
||||||
Alternative forms
- ру́гам (rúgam) – dialectal
Derived terms
- заруга́я pf (zarugája), заруга́вам impf (zarugávam)
- изруга́я pf (izrugája), изруга́вам impf (izrugávam)
- наруга́я pf (narugája), наруга́вам impf (narugávam)
- обруга́я pf (obrugája), обруга́вам impf (obrugávam)
- поруга́я pf (porugája), поруга́вам impf (porugávam, “to defile”)
- руга (ruga, “mockery”) (obsolescent/dialectal)
- ругатня́ (rugatnjá, “insulst”) (action noun)
- руга́тел m (rugátel), руга́телка f (rugátelka) (agent nouns)
- руга́телство (rugátelstvo, “detraction”)
- руга́телен (rugátelen), руга́телски (rugátelski, “scornful”)
Related terms
- ру́жа (се) (rúža (se)), ру́жам (rúžam, “to quarrel with”) (dialectal)
References
- ругая in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
- ругая in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Čitanka.Info)
- “рѫгати сѧ”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2023
- Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (2002), “ругая, диал. ругам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 333
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [rʊˈɡajə]
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