собака

Borrowed from Middle Iranian dialectal *sabāka-, from Proto-Medo-Parthian *spā́kəh, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. Compare Zoroastrian Dari [script needed] (sabah), Old Median σπάκα (spā́kəʰ) [the source of Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, “dog”)], Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬐𐬀‎ (spaka, “dog-like”).

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /sɔˈbɑkɑ/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /sɔˈbaka/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /sɔˈbaka/
• Hyphenation: со‧ба‧ка

собака (sobaka) m

1. dog

• Old Ruthenian: соба́ка m or f, саба́ка
  • Belarusian: саба́ка m (sabáka)
  • Rusyn: соба́ка f (sobáka) (rare)
  • Ukrainian: соба́ка m or f (sobáka)
    • → Polish: sobaka (dialectal)
      • → Kashubian: sobaka (“bitch (female dog); dissolute man”)
• Russian: соба́ка f (sobáka)
  • → Aleut: sabaakax
  • → Southern Yukaghir: тоукэ (towke)

• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “собака”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 455

• саба́ка – Old Belarusian

Inherited from Old East Slavic соба́ка (sobáka), further borrowed from Middle Iranian dialectal *sabāka-, from Proto-Medo-Parthian *spā́kəh, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. Cognates include Russian соба́ка (sobáka), Old Median σπάκα (spā́kəʰ), Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak) and Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬐𐬀‎ (spaka).

соба́ка • (transliteration needed) m anim or f anim (related adjective собачїй, diminutive собачка)

1. dog
   • к озерꙋ з неводомъ ехати волно а собаки емꙋ не брати ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   Synonym: песъ

• соба́чникъ

• Belarusian: саба́ка m (sabáka)
• Rusyn: соба́ка f (sobáka) (rare)
• Ukrainian: соба́ка m or f (sobáka)
  • → Polish: sobaka (dialectal)
    • → Kashubian: sobaka (“bitch (female dog); dissolute man”)

• Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1978), “собака”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ – 15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Н – Ѳ), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 365
• Bulyka, A. M., editor (2012), “собака, сабака”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), issue 32 (смыковати – струмень), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 20

Inherited from Old East Slavic собака (sobaka), derived from Middle Iranian *sabāka-, from West Iranian *spaka, from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ; compare Zoroastrian Dari [script needed] (sabah), Old Median σπάκα (spā́kəʰ) [the source of Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, “dog”)], Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬐𐬀‎ (spaka, “dog-like”). Cognates include Ukrainian соба́ка (sobáka), Belarusian саба́ка (sabáka), Polish sobaka (dialectal), Kashubian sobaka (“bitch (female dog); dissolute man”), Sanskrit शुनक (śunaka).

• IPA^(key): [sɐˈbakə]

• Audio

  (file)

соба́ка • (sobáka) f anim (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки, genitive plural соба́к, related adjective соба́чий, diminutive соба́чка)

1. dog

   Synonym: пёс (pjos)

   сторожева́я соба́ка ― storoževája sobáka ― watchdog

   дворо́вая соба́ка ― dvoróvaja sobáka ― cur, mongrel, mutt

   Вот где соба́ка зарыта! ― Vot gde sobáka zaryta! ― Now I see it!

   Его́ ка́ждая соба́ка зна́ет ― Jevó káždaja sobáka znájet ― Everyone knows him. (literally, “Every dog knows him”)

   голо́дный как соба́ка ― golódnyj kak sobáka ― as hungry as a dog; wolfish, rapacious

   замёрзнуть как соба́ка ― zamjórznutʹ kak sobáka ― to be chilled to the marrow

   злой как соба́ка ― zloj kak sobáka ― mad as hell (literally, “vicious as a dog”)

   ну́жный как соба́ке пя́тая нога́ ― núžnyj kak sobáke pjátaja nogá ― needed like a hole in the head (literally, “needed like a dog needs a fifth leg”)

   соба́ка на се́не ― sobáka na séne ― dog in the manger

   соба́ку съесть ― sobáku sʺjestʹ ― to know something inside out

   уста́ть как соба́ка ― ustátʹ kak sobáka ― to be dog-tired

2. hound

   соба́ка-ище́йка ― sobáka-iščéjka ― bloodhound

3. (derogatory, figuratively) mongrel, cur, bastard (a detestable person)
4. (colloquial, figuratively) fox (a clever, capable person)
5. (Internet) @ (at sign)
6. (computing slang) watchdog timer

• дворня́га (dvornjága)

• по-соба́чьи (po-sobáčʹi)
• соба́читься (sobáčitʹsja)

• → Aleut: sabaakax
• → Southern Yukaghir: тоукэ (towke)

• конура́ (konurá)
• щено́к (ščenók)
• су́ка (súka), кобе́ль (kobélʹ)

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “собака”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

Inherited from Old Ruthenian соба́ка, from Old East Slavic собака (sobaka), derived from Middle Iranian *sabāka-, from West Iranian *spaka, from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

• IPA^(key): [sɔˈbakɐ]

• Audio

  (file)

соба́ка • (sobáka) m animal or f animal (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки, genitive plural соба́к)

1. dog (animal)

   Synonyms: (poetic) пес (pes), су́ка (súka, “female dog”)

• → Polish: sobaka (dialectal)
  • → Kashubian: sobaka (“bitch (female dog); dissolute man”)

соба́ка • (sobáka) m pers or f pers (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки, genitive plural соба́к)

1. (figuratively, derogatory) scoundrel, detestable person

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “собака”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “собака”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)