中原

Chinese

	middle; center; within middle; center; within; among; in; while (doing sth); during; China; Chinese; hit (the mark)	former; original; primary former; original; primary; raw; level; cause; source
simp. and trad. (中原)	中	原
2nd round simp.	中𰆖
Literally: “central plain”.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): Zhōngyuán

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥㄩㄢˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җун-йүан (žun-yüan, I-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹ jyun⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Chûng-ngièn / Chûng-ngiàn
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): Tiong-goân

(Teochew, Peng'im): dong¹ nguêng⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōngyuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Jhongyuán
  - Wade–Giles: Chung¹-yüan²
  - Yale: Jūng-ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jongyuan
  - Palladius: Чжунъюань (Čžunʺjuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җун-йүан (žun-yüan, I-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ yæ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zung¹ jyun⁴
  - Yale: jūng yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹ jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung¹ yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chûng-ngièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: zung´ ngienˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zung¹ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴ ɲi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chûng-ngiàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: zung´ ngianˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zung¹ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴ ɲi̯an¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiong-goân
  - Tâi-lô: Tiong-guân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dionggoaan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³ ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dong¹ nguêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tong nguêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ³³⁻²³ ŋueŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ʈɨuŋ ŋʉɐn/

Rime
Character	中	原
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟弓切	愚袁切
Baxter	trjuwng	ngjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨuŋ/	/ŋʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiuŋ/	/ŋʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiuŋ/	/ŋiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈuwŋ/	/ŋuan/
Li Rong	/ȶiuŋ/	/ŋiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ȶĭuŋ/	/ŋĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯uŋ/	/ŋi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōng	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung¹	jyun⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*truŋ N-ɢʷar/

(Zhengzhang): /*tuŋ ŋʷan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	中	原
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōng	yuán
Middle Chinese	‹ trjuwng ›	‹ ngjwon ›
Old Chinese	/*truŋ/	/*N-ɢʷar/
English	center	high plain (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	中	原
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	17407	16186
Phonetic component	中	原
Rime group	終	元
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	中	元
Old Chinese	/*tuŋ/	/*ŋʷan/
Notes		金文象泉源，爲源初文

Proper noun

中原

the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)
China
(～區) Zhongyuan (a district of Zhengzhou, Henan, China)
(～街道) Zhongyuan (a subdistrict of Fancheng district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

Synonyms

(the Central Plain): (archaic) 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó), 中土 (Zhōngtǔ), 中州 (Zhōngzhōu)
(China):

edit

Synonyms of 中原

中 (Zhōng) (abbreviation)
九州 (Jiǔzhōu)
唐山 (Tángshān)
域中 (yùzhōng) (literary, figurative)
天下 (tiānxià) (lofty)
天朝 (Tiāncháo) (historical or Internet slang)
支那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete, now usually derogatory or offensive)
桃花石 (Táohuāshí) (obsolete)
猜拿 (transliteration of English China)
神州 (Shénzhōu) (literary)
脂那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete)

至那 (Zhìnà) (obsolete)
震旦 (Zhèndàn) (archaic)
中國／中国 (Zhōngguó)
中華／中华 (Zhōnghuá)
種花家／种花家 (Zhònghuājiā) (slang, humorous)
華／华 (Huá) (abbreviation)
華夏／华夏 (Huáxià)
諸夏／诸夏 (Zhūxià)
諸華／诸华 (Zhūhuá)
赤縣／赤县 (Chìxiàn) (literary)
赤縣神州／赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu) (literary)

Derived terms

中原逐鹿
逐鹿中原 (zhúlùzhōngyuán)
中原大學／中原大学
中原大戰／中原大战 (Zhōngyuán Dàzhàn)

中原官話／中原官话 (Zhōngyuán guānhuà)
中原板蕩／中原板荡
中原標準時間／中原标准时间
中原音韻／中原音韵 (Zhōngyuán Yīnyùn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (中原):

→ Japanese: 中(ちゅう)原(げん) (Chūgen)
→ Korean: 중원(中原) (Jung'won)
→ Vietnamese: Trung Nguyên (中原)

Others:

→ English: Central Plain, Zhongyuan
→ Zhuang: Cunghyenz

Japanese

Kanji in this term
中	原
なか Grade: 1	はら Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Proper noun

中(なか)原(はら) • (Nakahara)

a surname

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