劫難

See also: 劫难

Chinese

		plunder	disaster; distress; to scold disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good
trad. (劫難)		劫	難
simp. (劫难)		劫	难

Etymology

Combination of abbreviated Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, “eon”) 劫波 + native Chinese 難 (“hardship”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiénàn

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄋㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gip³ naan⁶
Min Nan (POJ): kiap-lān

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiénàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄋㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiénàn
  - Wade–Giles: chieh²-nan⁴
  - Yale: jyé-nàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyenann
  - Palladius: цзенань (czenanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjɛ³⁵ nän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gip³ naan⁶
  - Yale: gip naahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gip⁸ naan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gib³ nan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːp̚³ naːn²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiap-lān
  - Tâi-lô: kiap-lān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiaplan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiap̚³²⁻⁴ lan²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiap̚⁵⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiap̚³²⁻⁵ lan²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiap̚³²⁻⁴ lan³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiap̚³²⁻⁴ lan³³/

Noun

劫難

disaster; calamity; catastrophe (Classifier: 場／场; 次; 種／种)

Synonyms

Synonyms of 劫難

劫 (jié) (Buddhism)
劫煞 (Min Nan)
厄 (è) (literary, or in compounds)
央厄 (yāng'è) (literary)
患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
沙𧐔 (Teochew)
浩劫 (hàojié)
眚沴 (shěnglì) (literary)
亂兒／乱儿 (luànr) (dialectal)
人禍／人祸 (rénhuò) (man-made disaster)
大禍／大祸 (dàhuò) (major catastrophe)
大難／大难 (dànàn) (major catastrophe)
天災／天灾 (tiānzāi) (natural disaster)
奇禍／奇祸 (qíhuò) (literary, unexpected disaster)
巨禍／巨祸 (jùhuò) (literary)
慘事／惨事 (cǎnshì)
慘劇／惨剧 (cǎnjù)

慘禍／惨祸 (cǎnhuò) (tragic accident)
災／灾 (zāi) (literary, or in compounds)
災劫／灾劫 (zāijié) (literary)
災厄／灾厄 (zāi'è) (literary)
災害／灾害 (zāihài)
災殃／灾殃 (zāiyāng)
災禍／灾祸 (zāihuò)
災變／灾变 (zāibiàn) (literary, natural disaster)
災難／灾难 (zāinàn)
癰疽／痈疽 (yōngjū) (figurative)
禍／祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)
禍事／祸事 (huòshì)
禍害／祸害 (huòhài)
禍息／祸息 (Xiang)
禍患／祸患 (huòhuàn)
禍殃／祸殃 (huòyāng)

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