司

司 U+53F8, 司
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53F8
← 号
[U+53F7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 叹 →
[U+53F9]

Translingual
Stroke order
0 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

司 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 尸一口 (SMR), four-corner 17620, composition ⿹𠃌𠮛)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 174, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3257
  • Dae Jaweon: page 385, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 572, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+53F8

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 司
alternative forms 𤔲

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (司) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
司 *slɯ
伺 *slɯ, *slɯs
覗 *slɯ, *slɯs
笥 *slɯ, *slɯs
詞 *ljɯ
祠 *ljɯ
柌 *ljɯ
嗣 *ljɯs
孠 *ljɯs
飼 *ljɯs
呞 *hljɯ

Unknown.

Shuowen: 后 flipped.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *zə; cognate with Proto-Kukish */ca/, Mru caŋ (“to do, to make”), & Tibetan [script needed] (mdzad.pa), [script needed] (mdzod), from underlying */m-za-t/ "to do, to act", possibly also related to [script needed] (bzo, “work, labour”) (Schuessler, 2007).̈ Schuessler disputes Löffler's (1966) proposed connection to 乍 (OC *zraːɡs, “to do, work, make”) due to phonological difficulties.

Unger (1984) posits a possible relationship with Tibetan [script needed] (rdzi.po, “herdsman”)

Pronunciation

Note:
  • sir/su/si (Jinjiang, Philippines) - literary;
  • si/sai - vernacular.
Rime
Character 司
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息兹切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /sɨ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /sɨ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /sɨ/
Li
Rong		 /siə/
Wang
Li		 /sĭə/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /si/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 sī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 si1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 司
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 sī
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ si ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s-lə/
English superintend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 司
Reading # 1/1
No. 11951
Phonetic
component		 司
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 思
Old
Chinese		 /*slɯ/

Definitions

司

  1. to take charge of; to control; to manage
  2. officer; official
  3. a surname

Compounds
Derived terms from 司

Japanese

Kanji
司

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. an official, a director, a boss

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
司
つかさ
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 司 – see the following entry.
【つかさ】
[noun] 官, 司, 長, 首, 宰: a manager, a headman, a foreman; an official; government service
[noun] 阜, 司: a small hill
Alternative spellings
官, 司, 長, 首, 宰, 阜
(This term, 司, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
司
まもる
Grade: 4
nanori
For pronunciation and definitions of 司 – see まもる.
(This term, 司, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(The following entry is uncreated: まもる.)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
司
みこともち
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 司 – see the following entry.
【みこともち】
[noun] (archaic, possibly obsolete, historical) in ancient Japan prior to the Taika Reform, a governor appointed by the emperor to carry out imperial policies in the provinces
Alternative spellings
宰, 司
(This term, 司, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

司 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

司: Hán Nôm readings: ti, tư, tơ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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