地震

地震

1. earthquake (Classifier: 場／场 m; 次 m c)

   地震活動／地震活动  ―  dìzhèn huódòng  ―  seismic activity

   臺灣發生地震了。／台湾发生地震了。  ―  Táiwān fāshēng dìzhèn le.  ―  There was an earthquake in Taiwan.

   發生了大地震，大陸及港、澳、台三地藝人為了救災共襄盛舉，舉辦了多場演唱會。 [MSC, trad.]
   发生了大地震，大陆及港、澳、台三地艺人为了救灾共襄盛举，举办了多场演唱会。 [MSC, simp.]

   Fāshēng le dà dìzhèn, Dàlù jí Gǎng, Ào, Tái sān dì yìrén wèile jiùzāi gòngxiāngshèngjǔ, jǔbàn le duō chǎng yǎnchànghuì. [Pinyin]

   After the major earthquake, artists from the Mainland, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan all worked together to perform several concerts to collect funds for disaster relief.

   • 陽伏而不能出，陰迫而不能烝，於是有地震。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     阳伏而不能出，阴迫而不能烝，于是有地震。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE

     Yáng fú ér bùnéng chū, yīn pò ér bùnéng zhēng, yúshì yǒu dìzhèn. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

2. (figuratively, usually in politics or business) shifting or shuffling of posts

   官場大地震／官场大地震  ―  guānchǎng dàdìzhèn  ―  a major change in government officials

• (literary, or in compounds) 震 (zhèn)

地震

1. (impersonal) to have an earthquake

   臺灣地震了。／台湾地震了。  ―  Táiwān dìzhèn le.  ―  There was an earthquake in Taiwan.

   • 後數日驛至，果地震隴西，於是皆服其妙。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     后数日驿至，果地震陇西，于是皆服其妙。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5^th century CE

     Hòu shùrì yì zhì, guǒ dìzhèn lǒngxī, yúshì jiē fú qí miào. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

Others:

• → Zhuang: dicin

• 餘震／余震 (yúzhèn, “aftershock”)

/di t͡ɕin/ → /d͡ʑiɕiɴ/

From Middle Chinese compound 地震 (MC diɪ^H t͡ɕiɪn^H).

• On’yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) じしん [jìshíń] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [(d͡)ʑiɕĩɴ]

• Homophones: 自身, 自信

地(じ)震(しん) • (jishin) ^{←ぢしん (disin)?}

1. earthquake

• (obsolete) 地震(ない) (nai), 地震(なえ) (nae)

• 地震(じしん)雷(かみなり)火事(かじ)親父(おやじ) (jishin kaminari kaji oyaji, “earthquake, thunder, fire, father → terms in order of fright”)

• 震源地(しんげんち) (shingenchi, “epicenter”)
• マグニチュード (magunichūdo, “magnitude”)
• 余震(よしん) (yoshin, “aftershock”)

/nawi/ → */nawʲi/ → /naji/ → /nai/

From Old Japanese.

Originally a compound of 土 (na, combining apophonic form of ni, "earth, soil") + 居 (wi, modern i), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 居る (iru, “to be”, of animate objects).

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

• (Irregular reading)
• IPA^(key): [na̠i]

地震(ない) • (nai) ^{←なゐ (nawi)?}

1. (obsolete) an earthquake
   • 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 94)

     於弥能姑能耶賦能之魔柯枳始陀騰余瀰(おみのこのやふのしばかきしたとよみ)那為(なゐ)我與釐拠魔耶黎夢之魔柯枳(がよりこばやれむしばかき) [Man'yōgana]

     臣(おみ)の子(こ)の八符(やふ)の柴垣(しばかき)下動(したとよ)み地(なゐ)が震(よ)り来(こ)ば破(や)れむ柴垣(しばかき) [Modern spelling]

     omi no ko no yafu no shibakaki shita-toyomi nai ga yorikoba yaremu shibakaki

     (please add an English translation of this example)

   • 1212, Hōjōki[3]

     また、同(おな)じころかとよ、おびたゝしく大(おほ)地震(なゐ)ふること侍(さぶら)き。[...]　恐(おそ)れのなかに恐(おそ)るべかりけるは、只(ただ)地震(なゐ)なりけりとこそ覺(おぼ)え侍(じ)しか。[...]　よのつね、驚(おどろ)くほどの地震(なゐ)、二(に)三(さん)十(じふ)度(ど)ふらぬ日(ひ)はなし。

     Mata, onaji koro ka to yo, obi-tatashiku ō-nai furu koto saburaki. ...osore no naka ni osoru-bekarikeru wa, tada nai narikeri to koso oboe-ji shi ka. ...yo no tsune, odoroku-hodo no nai, ni-san-jūdo furanu hi wa nashi.

     (please add an English translation of this example)

/nawi/ → */nawʲi/ → /naji/ → /naje/ → /nae/

Appears in the Nippo Jisho.

Shift from nai, historical nawi (see above).

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

• (Irregular reading)
• IPA^(key): [na̠e̞]

地震(なえ) • (nae) 

1. (obsolete) an earthquake
   • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 455)[4]

     Naye. ナエ(地震) 地震.Nayega yuru. (地震が揺る) 地震がする.

地震 • (jijin) (hangeul 지진)

1. Hanja form^? of 지진 (“earthquake”).

地震

1. chữ Hán form of địa chấn (“earthquake”).