天子

Chinese
day; sky; heaven
 
child; son; (noun suffix)
child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 pm-1 am; midnight
simp. and trad.
(天子)		 天 子

Etymology

Attested earliest in the Zhou dynasty's Bronze inscriptions.[1]

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 天 子
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 先 (85) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) IV III
Fanqie 他前切 即里切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰen/ /t͡sɨX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰen/ /t͡sɨX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰɛn/ /t͡sieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰɛn/ /t͡sɨX/
Li
Rong		 /tʰen/ /t͡siəX/
Wang
Li		 /tʰien/ /t͡sĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰien/ /t͡siX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tiān zǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 tin1 zi2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 天 天 子
Reading # 1/2 2/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 tiān xiān zǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ then › ‹ xen › ‹ tsiX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥ˁi[n]/ /*l̥ˁi[n]/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time *xˁ- > MC x-) /*tsəʔ/
English heaven heaven child; gentleman, master

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 天 子
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 12387 17857
Phonetic
component		 天 子
Rime
group		 眞 之
Rime
subdivision		 1 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 天 子
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰl'iːn/ /*ʔslɯʔ/

Noun

天子

  1. Son of Heaven; emperor

Synonyms
Synonyms of 天子

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (天子):

Others:

  • → Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰤𐰾𐰃‎ (Tensi)
  • → Chagatai: اسمان نینک اوغلی‎ (calque)
  • → Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ
    ᠬᠥ᠋ᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ     (tŋri-yin köbegün) (calque)
  • → English: Son of Heaven (calque)
  • → Manchu: ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ
    ᠵᡠᡳ     (abkai jui) (calque)
  • → Tibetan: གནམ་གྱི་བུ (gnam gyi bu) (calque)

References
  1. Ching, J. (1997). "Son of Heaven: Sacral Kingship in Ancient China". T’oung Pao, 83 (1/3), n. 29 on p. 15 of pp. 3–41. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4528715
  2. Tharsen, Jeffrey R. (2015) Chinese Euphonics : Phonetic Patterns, Phonorhetoric and Literary Artistry in Early Chinese Narrative Texts (PhD)‎, University of Chicago

Japanese
Kanji in this term
天 子
てん
Grade: 1		 し
Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [tẽ̞ɰ̃ɕi]

Noun

天(てん)子(し) • (tenshi) 

  1. the Emperor of China, Son of Heaven

Korean
Hanja in this term
天子

Noun

天子 • (cheonja) (hangeul 천자)

  1. Hanja form? of 천자 (“the Emperor of China, Son of Heaven”).

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term
天子

Noun

天子

  1. chữ Hán form of thiên tử (“Son of Heaven”).
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