拓

拓	U+62D3, 拓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62D3

← 拒
[U+62D2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

拔 →
[U+62D4]

拓	U+FA02, 拓 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA02

← 度
[U+FA01]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

糖 →
[U+FA03]

Translingual

Han character

拓 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手一口 (QMR), four-corner 5106₀, composition ⿰扌石)

References

KangXi: page 425, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11958
Dae Jaweon: page 774, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1849, character 6
Unihan data for U+62D3
Unihan data for U+FA02

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 拓
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (石) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
柘	*tjaɡs
妬	*taːɡs
蠹	*taːɡs
沰	taːɡ, tʰaːɡ
拓	tʰaːɡ, tjaɡ
橐	*tʰaːɡ
袥	*tʰaːɡ
驝	tʰaːɡ, raːɡ
斫	*tjaɡ
磭	ŋrɯnʔ, ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ
磔	*rtaːɡ
跖	*tjaɡ
石	*djaɡ
碩	*djaɡ
祏	*djaɡ
鉐	*djaɡ
鼫	*djaɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tʰaːɡ, *tjaɡ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 石 (OC *djaɡ).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		拓
alternative forms		柝 “to open up”

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tuò (tuo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tok³
Min Nan (POJ): thok

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tuò
  - Wade–Giles: tʻo⁴
  - Yale: twò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuoh
  - Palladius: то (to)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tok³
  - Yale: tok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: tog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔːk̚³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thok
  - Tâi-lô: thok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: /tʰɑk̚/

Rime
Character	拓
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	唐 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他各切
Baxter	thak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰak̚/
Li Rong	/tʰɑk̚/
Wang Li	/tʰɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tok³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*tʰaːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	拓
Reading #	1/2
No.	11458
Phonetic component	石
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	託
Old Chinese	/*tʰaːɡ/
Notes	見小爾雅

Definitions

拓

to open up; to develop; to expand
to stretch
to push open
a surname

Compounds

Derived terms from 拓

拓地 (tuòdì)
拓宇
拓展 (tuòzhǎn)
拓殖 (tuòzhí)
拓荒 (tuòhuāng)
拓荒者 (tuòhuāngzhě)
拓落

拓跋 (Tuòbá)
拓都 (tuòdū)
落拓 (luòtuò)
拓土開疆／拓土开疆
拓寬／拓宽 (tuòkuān)
拓撲／拓扑 (tuòpū)
拓撲學／拓扑学 (tuòpūxué)

拓落不羈／拓落不羁
拓邊／拓边
拓銷／拓销 (tuòxiāo)
落拓不羈／落拓不羁 (luòtuò bùjī)
開拓／开拓 (kāituò)
開拓性／开拓性
開拓者／开拓者 (kāituòzhě)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		拓
alternative forms		搨／拓

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tà (ta⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): taap³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tà
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tà
  - Wade–Giles: tʻa⁴
  - Yale: tà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tah
  - Palladius: та (ta)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: taap³
  - Yale: taap
  - Cantonese Pinyin: taap⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: tab³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːp̚³/

Definitions

拓

to make rubbings on something (e.g. inscriptions)

Synonyms

拓印 (tàyìn)

Compounds

Derived terms from 拓

拓印 (tàyìn)
拓本 (tàběn)

拓片 (tàpiàn)
拓碑

魚拓／鱼拓

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		拓

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tuō (tuo¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛ
Min Nan (POJ): thuh

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tuō
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tuo
  - Wade–Giles: tʻo¹
  - Yale: twō
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuo
  - Palladius: то (to)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thuh
  - Tâi-lô: thuh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tuq
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰuʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰuʔ⁵/

Note: Non-etymological.

Definitions

拓

Alternative form of 托 (tuō, “to support with hands; to lift”).

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 拓 – see 摭 (“pick up; gather”). (This character, 拓, is a variant form of 摭.)

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01533
“拓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

拓

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

On (unclassified): たく (taku, Jōyō); せき (seki)
Kun: ひらく (hiraku, 拓く); ひろう (hirō, 拓う)

Proper noun

拓(たく) • (Taku)

a male given name

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 拓 (MC t͡ɕiᴇk̚).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰʌ̹k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [척]

Hanja

Wikisource 拓 (eumhun 넓힐 척 (neolpil cheok))

Hanja form^? of 척 (“to open; to develop; to expand”).

Compounds

개척 (開拓, gaecheok)
간척 (干拓, gancheok, “land reclamation”)
척식 (拓殖/拓植, cheoksik, “colonization”)
척지 (拓地, cheokji)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 拓 (MC tʰɑk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 탁 (thak)^訓 (Yale: thak) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [tʰa̠k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [탁]

Hanja

拓 (eumhun 박을 탁 (bageul tak))

Hanja form^? of 탁 (“to make rubbings on something (e.g. inscriptions)”).

Compounds

탁본 (拓本, takbon)
탁발씨 (拓跋氏, takbalssi, “Tuoba”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

拓: Hán Nôm readings: đo, đó, đố, thác

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