唐

唐 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈中口 (ILR), four-corner 0026₇, composition ⿸广⿱肀口)

• 傏 塘 㜍 搪 嵣 溏 䧜 瑭 榶 膅 煻 禟 磄 䅯 瞊 螗 糖 䌅 赯 醣 鎕 餹
• 鄌 㲥 㼺 鶶 蓎 篖

• KangXi: page 192, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3709
• Dae Jaweon: page 411, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 633, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5510
• Unihan data for U+2F842

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡl'aːŋ) : phonetic 庚 (OC *kraːŋ) + semantic 口 (“mouth”) – to exaggerate, to boast. 唐 and 庚 were near-homophones in Old Chinese.

Either related to 途 (OC *l'aː) (Wang, 1982) or from Austroasiatic, compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *glɔɔŋ, whence Mon ဂၠံၚ်, Kensiu gəlɔŋ, Kuy khlù:aŋ (Schuessler, 2007).

唐

1. Used in 荒唐 (huāngtáng).; to exaggerate; to boast
2. (literary) exaggerative; boastful
3. (obsolete) vast; wide; extensive
4. (obsolete) road inside temple

   • 中唐有甓，邛有旨鷊。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     中唐有甓，邛有旨鹝。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zhōngtáng yǒu pì, qióng yǒu zhǐ yì. [Pinyin]

     The middle path of the temple is covered with its tiles; on the height is the beautiful medallion plant.

5. (literary) in vain; to no avail
6. 50th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "vastness, emptiness, pointlessness" (𝌷)
7. (～朝) Tang Dynasty (618–907)

   唐詩／唐诗  ―  tángshī  ―  Tang poetry

8. Later Tang (923–937), the second of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

   Synonym: 後唐／后唐 (Hòutáng)

9. Southern Tang (937–976), a state in Southern China that existed during Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

   Synonym: 南唐 (Nántáng)

10. Tang, a legendary ancient Chinese dynasty established by Emperor Yao

    Synonym: 陶唐

11. (figurative) China

    唐人  ―  tángrén  ―  Chinese person

12. (obsolete) (alt. form 蓎) dodder (Cuscuta chinensis)
13. a surname

    唐君毅  ―  Táng Jūnyì  ―  Tang Chun-i (20th-century Chinese philosopher)

• → English: Tang, T'ang, Tong, Tng
• → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *daːŋᴬ² (“road; way”)
  • Northern Thai: ᨴᩤ᩠ᨦ
  • Khün: ᨴᩤ᩠ᨦ
  • Lao: ທາງ (thāng)
  • Lü: ᦑᦱᧂ (taang)
  • Tai Dam: ꪕꪱꪉ
  • Shan: တၢင်း (táang)
  • Tai Nüa: ᥖᥣᥒᥰ (täang)
  • Ahom: 𑜄𑜂𑜫 (taṅ)
  • Thai: ทาง (taang, “road; way”)
• → Thai: ถัง (tǎng, “Tang (dynasty)”)

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00583

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. Tang dynasty
2. China, Chinese, Sino-
3. foreign
4. baseless, bogus
5. abrupt, sudden

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

• Go-on: どう (dō)^{←だう (dau, historical)}
• Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)^{←たう (tau, historical)}
• Tō-on: たん (tan)
• Sō-on: たん (tan)
• Kun: から (kara, 唐, Jōyō); もろこし (morokoshi, 唐)
• Nanori: かろ (karo)

/tau/ → /tɔː/ → /toː/

From Middle Chinese 唐 (MC dɑŋ).

• (Tokyo) と​ー [tóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
• IPA^(key): [to̞ː]

唐(とう) • (tō) ^{←たう (tau)?}

1. foreign lands in general

• 唐(とう)へ投(な)げ銀(がね) (tō e nage-gane)

唐(とう) • (Tō) ^{←たう (tau)?}

1. (historical) name of various Chinese dynasties:
   1. the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE)
   2. the 後唐 (Kōtō, “Later Tang”) (923-937 CE)
   3. the 南唐 (Nantō, “Southern Tang”) (937–976 CE)
2. (dated) China in general

From 伽羅, a proper name from ancient Korean Peninsula.

Originally meant "China" during the Tang dynasty and "elements imported from China", then later expanded to mean "foreign lands in general" and "elements imported from foreign lands".

• (Tokyo) か​ら [káꜜrà] (Atamadaka – [1])[4]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾa̠]

唐(から) • (kara-) 

1. element in compounds, referring to things imported from China or from other foreign lands

   漢詩(からうた)、唐(から)歌(うた)、唐(から)揚(あ)げ、漢音(からごえ)

   karauta, karauta, karaage, karagoe

   Chinese-style poetry (as opposed to formal waka Japanese-style poetry), Chinese-style poetry, deep-fried chicken or fish (a style introduced by Europeans in the 1600s), "Chinese voice" → the kan'on or Chinese-derived reading for a character

唐(から) • (kara) 

1. foreign lands in general
2. Short for 唐織り (karaori): silk fabrics imported from China; an exquisitely-embroidered woman's kimono; a costume made in the karaori style used in Noh theater

唐(から) • (Kara) 

1. (formal, dated) the name of China during the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE).

• 唐(から)人(ひと) (Kara hito), 唐(から)人(びと) (Kara-bito, “a Chinese or Korean person; a foreigner from China or Korea”)

• 漢(から) (Kara, usually "China in the Han dynasty")
• 韓(から) (Kara, usually "Korea")
• 加羅(から), 伽羅(から), 迦羅(から) (Kara, “the Gaya confederacy”, original derivation)
• 呉(くれ) (Kure, “China during the Wu dynasty”)

⟨mo₂ro₂ ko₁si⟩ → ⟨moro₂ko₁si⟩ → */morəkosi/ → /morokoɕi/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 753 CE).

Originally a compound of 諸 (moro-, prefix meaning "many") + 越 (koshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 越す (kosu, “to cross (over)”),[4] by reinterpretation of kun-reading 越 (koshi) from on-reading of 越 (Etsu, “(state of) Yue”).[5]

• 唐土

• (Tokyo) もろこし [mòrókóshí] (Heiban – [0])[4]
• IPA^(key): [mo̞ɾo̞ko̞ɕi]

唐(もろこし) • (morokoshi) 

1. (archaic) any objects imported from China

• 唐(もろこし)黍(きび) (morokoshi kibi), 唐黍(モロコシ) (morokoshi)

唐(もろこし) • (Morokoshi) 

1. (archaic) the name of China by the ancient Japanese people

   Synonym: 唐土 (Tōdo)

唐, eumhun 당나라 당 (dangnara dang)

1. Hanja form^? of 당 (“Tang dynasty”).
2. Hanja form^? of 당 (“Chinese”).

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

• On (unclassified): とー (tō)

• IPA^(key): /toː/

唐 (hiragana とー, rōmaji Tō)

1. China

• 唐(とー)船(しん) (Tōshin)
• 唐(とー)口(ぐち) (Tōguchi)
• 唐(とー)ぬ口(くち) (Tōnukuchi)
• 唐(とー)ぬ人(ちゅ) (Tōnuchu)
• 唐(とー)ぬっ人(ちゅー)墓(ばか) (Tōnutchūbaka)

• “とー【唐】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mraŋ. Compare Burmese မြင် (mrang, “to see”).

唐 (*lˤɑŋ)

1. to see

• Hill, Nathan W. (2017), “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎, volume 103, pages 386—429

唐: Hán Nôm readings: Đường, đường, đằng, đàng, giềng

1. Tang dynasty
2. Chinese