掐

掐	U+6390, 掐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6390

← 掏
[U+638F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

掑 →
[U+6391]

Translingual

Han character

掐 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手弓竹X (QNHX), four-corner 5707₇, composition ⿰扌臽)

References

KangXi: page 437, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12253
Dae Jaweon: page 787, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1902, character 7
Unihan data for U+6390

Chinese

simp. and trad.		掐

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 掐
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (臽) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
萏	*l'oːmʔ
窞	*l'oːmʔ
惂	*kʰloːmʔ
輡	*kʰloːmʔ
錎	kʰloːmʔ, ɡroːms
埳	*kʰloːmʔ
臽	kʰloːmʔ, ɡroːms
淊	ɡloːmʔ, qroːm, qroːms, lomʔ
欿	*ɡloːmʔ
蜭	ɡloːmʔ, ɡluːms
啗	l'aːmʔ, l'aːms
鵮	ʔr'oːm, kʰroːm, *kʰroːms
餡	*ɡroːms
陷	*ɡroːms
爓	ljom, loms
諂	*l̥ʰomʔ
讇	*l̥ʰomʔ
閻	*lom
焰	*loms
壛	*lom
櫩	*lom
燄	*lomʔ
掐	*kʰroːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰroːb) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 臽 (OC *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms).

It may alternatively be interpreted as an ideogrammic compound (會意) : 手 (“hand”) + 臽 (“hole”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiā (qia¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haap³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khang
Min Nan (POJ): khiap / khap

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiā
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cia
  - Wade–Giles: chʻia¹
  - Yale: chyā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chia
  - Palladius: ця (cja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: haap³
  - Yale: haap
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haap⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: hab³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːp̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khang
  - Hakka Romanization System: kang
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kang⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰaŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiap
  - Tâi-lô: khiap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiab
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiap̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiap̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khap
  - Tâi-lô: khap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qab
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰap̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰap̚³²/

Note:

khiap - vernacular;
khap - literary.

Middle Chinese: /kʰˠɛp̚/

Rime
Character	掐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	咸 (152)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	苦洽切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠɛp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚæp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəɨp̚/
Li Rong	/kʰɐp̚/
Wang Li	/kʰɐp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰăp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qia
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haap³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰroːb/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	掐
Reading #	1/1
No.	13571
Phonetic component	臽
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	恰
Old Chinese	/*kʰroːb/

Definitions

掐

to pinch
to strangle
to put out (a cigarette)
to cut out (a video recording, so it will not be published, usually when shooting a movie or TV program)

Compounds

促掐
半掐
掐住
掐尖子
掐巴

掐指一算
掐算
掐脖子
掄掄掐掐／抡抡掐掐
掐尖兒／掐尖儿

掐尖落鈔／掐尖落钞
掐訣／掐诀
掐頭去尾／掐头去尾
掐鼻皺眉／掐鼻皱眉

Descendants

→ Khmer: កៀប (kiəp) (via Min Nan khiap)

Japanese

Kanji

掐

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): こう (kō); きょう (kyō)
Kun: つまむ (tsumamu)

Vietnamese

Han character

掐: Hán Nôm readings: kháp, khắp

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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