海豚
Chinese
ocean; sea | suckling pig | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (海豚) | 海 | 豚 | |
simp. #(海豚) | 海 | 豚 |
Etymology
Native formation, attested abundantly in the Classical era. Also 海豨 (hǎixī, literally “sea-pig”), 江豚 (jiāngtún, literally “river-pig”). Semantically compare English mereswine (“porpoise or dolphin”, literally “sea-pig”).
Pronunciation
Synonyms
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 海豨 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 海豚 | |
Taxonomic name | 海豚 | |
Mandarin | Taiwan | 海豚 |
Singapore | 海豚 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 海豬, 海豚 |
Hong Kong | 海豚 | |
Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 海豚, 海豬 |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 海豚 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 海豚 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 海豚 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 海豚 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 海豬 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 白鰗, 海豬, 媽祖婆魚, 媽祖魚, 鎮港魚 |
Zhangzhou | 白鰗, 媽祖婆魚, 媽祖魚, 鎮港魚 | |
Taipei | 海豬仔, 海豬 | |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 海豬仔 | |
Kaohsiung | 海豬, 烏鯃 | |
Yilan | 海豬仔, 海豬 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 海豬仔, 海豬 | |
Taichung | 海豬 | |
Taichung (Wuqi) | 海豬 | |
Tainan | 海豬仔, 海豬 | |
Taitung | 海豬 | |
Hsinchu | 海豬, 海豬仔 | |
Kinmen | 海豬 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 海鼠, 烏鯃 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 海豬 | |
Nan'ao (Houzhai) | 白吳 | |
Puxian Min | Putian | 海豬 |
Xianyou | 海豬 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 海豚 |
Japanese
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
いるか | |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
jukujikun |
Alternative spellings |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) 鯆 (rare) イルカ |
Etymology
Unclear. One of the more likely native-Japanese theories is that this was originally a compound of Old Japanese elements 魚 (iwo, “fish”) + 食 (uka, “food, something used as food”).
/iwo uka/ → /iru uka/ → /iruka/
Another possibility is that it was a borrowing from Ainu. Compare Sakhalin Ainu リク (riku), イリク (iriku), or Kuril Ainu リカ (rika, “whale”).[1] Given the unlikely sound shift required for the Old Japanese derivation, an origin from Ainu seems more likely.
The spelling 海豚, which literally means “sea pig”, is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese.
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イルカ.
Derived terms
- 海豚座 (Irukaza): Dolphin constellation, Delphinus
- 鼠海豚 (nezumi iruka): harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)
Kikai
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 海豚 (xojX dwon, literally “sea pig”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚 (fītu).
Kunigami
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 海豚 (xojX dwon, literally “sea pig”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚 (fītu).
Northern Amami-Oshima
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 海豚 (xojX dwon, literally “sea + pig”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚 (fītu).
Okinawan
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 海豚 (xojX dwon, literally “sea pig”).
Southern Amami-Oshima
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 海豚 (xojX dwon, literally “sea pig”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚 (fītu).