炎

See also: 焱
炎 U+708E, 炎
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-708E
← 炍
[U+708D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 炏 →
[U+708F]

Translingual

Han character
Stroke order
8 strokes

炎 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 火火 (FF), four-corner 90809, composition ⿱火火)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 667, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18910
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1076, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2193, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+708E

Chinese
trad. 炎
simp. # 炎
alternative forms 炏

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (炎) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
倓 *l'oːmʔ, *l'aːm, *l'aːms
緂 *l̥ʰaːm, *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam
毯 *l̥ʰaːmʔ
菼 *l̥ʰaːmʔ
裧 *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam, *l̥ʰjams
賧 *l̥ʰaːms
睒 *l̥ʰaːms, *hljamʔ
舕 *l̥ʰaːms
談 *l'aːm
郯 *l'aːm
惔 *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
錟 *l'aːm
淡 *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms, *lamʔ
痰 *l'aːm
餤 *l'aːm
啖 *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
腅 *l'aːms
剡 *ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ
覢 *hljamʔ
掞 *hljams
炎 *ɦlam
琰 *lamʔ
棪 *lamʔ
扊 *lamʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 火 (“fire”) + 火 (“fire”). Duplication of 火 (“fire”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ljam (“tongue; lick; flame”) (STEDT). Cognate with Chepang लेम्‍ह्‌सा (lemh‑, “to lick”), Burmese အလျှံ (a.hlyam, “flame; iridescence”). Within Chinese, cognate with 焰 (OC *loms, “to flame up”), 舔 (OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, “to lick”). Compare also Khmer លាម (liəm, “to flare up”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 炎
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 鹽 (154)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 于廉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠiᴇm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦᵚiɛm/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣiæm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦjiam/
Li
Rong		 /ɣjɛm/
Wang
Li		 /ɣĭɛm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯ɛm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jim4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 炎
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hjem ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɢ]ʷ(r)am/
English burn, blazing

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 炎
Reading # 1/1
No. 14315
Phonetic
component		 炎
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 炎
Old
Chinese		 /*ɦlam/

Definitions

炎

  1. † flame; blaze; rising flame
  2. † to burn; to blaze
  3. blazing; burning hot; scorching
  4. red; bright red
  5. (figurative) power and influence
  6. (medicine) inflammation
  7. (mythology) Yan Emperor (ancient legendary Chinese ruler)

Compounds
Derived terms from 炎

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (炎):
  • → Japanese: 炎(えん) (en)
  • → Korean: 염(炎) (yeom)
  • → Vietnamese: viêm (炎)

References

Japanese

Kanji
炎

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
炎
ほのお
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
焔
焰
燄 (rare)

⟨po no2 po⟩ → */ponəpo/ → /ɸonoɸo/ → /ɸonowo/ → /honowo/ → /honoː/

From Old Japanese 炎 (pono2po).

Compound of 火 (ho, combining form of hi, “fire”) +‎ の (no, possessive particle) +‎ 穂 (ho, “ear, head”).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

Noun

炎(ほのお) • (honō) ←ほのほ (fonofo)?

  1. a flame
    • 1079, Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi (page 5 (front))[6]
      燄 保乃保
    • 2001 December 22, “真紅眼の黒竜(レッドアイズ・ブラックドラゴン) [Red-Eyes Black Dragon]”, in Premium Pack 5, Konami:
      真(しん)紅(く)の眼(め)を持(も)つ黒(こく)竜(りゅう)。怒(いか)りの黒(くろ)き炎(ほのお)はその眼(め)に映(うつ)る者(もの)全(すべ)てを焼(や)き尽(つ)くす。
      Shinku no me o motsu kokuryū. Ikari no kuroki honō wa sono me ni utsuru mono subete o yakitsukusu.
      A black dragon with crimson eyes. Its black flames of fury burn away anything that’s reflected in those eyes.
    ハリー・ポッターと炎(ほのお)のゴブレット
    Harī Pottā to Honō no Goburetto
    Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
    燃(も)え広(ひろ)がる炎(ほのお)
    Moehirogaru Honō
    Catching Fire
  2. (figuratively) an intense emotion, passion
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 炎(ほのお)細(さい)胞(ぼう) (honō saibō)
  • 炎(ほのお)スペクトル (honō supekutoru)
  • 踊(おど)り炎(ほのお) (odori honō)
  • 瞋(しん)恚(い)の炎(ほのお) (shin'i no honō)
  • 胸(むね)の炎(ほのお) (mune no honō)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
炎
ほむら
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
焔
焰
燄 (rare)

Compound of 火 (ho, “fire”, combining form) +‎ 群 (mura, “gathering, group”).[2][3]

Pronunciation

Noun

炎(ほむら) • (homura) 

  1. a flame
  2. (figuratively) an intense emotion, passion
Derived terms
  • 瞋(しん)恚(い)の炎(ほむら) (shin'i no homura)
  • 胸(むね)の炎(ほむら) (mune no homura)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
炎
えん
Grade: S
on’yomi

/emʉ/ → /eɴ/

From Middle Chinese 炎 (MC ɦˠiᴇm).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ẽ̞ɴ]

Suffix

炎(えん) • (-en) 

  1. (medicine) -itis, inflammation of...
Derived terms
Derived terms

Affix

炎(えん) • (en) 

  1. flame, blaze
  2. burning
  3. firehot, red-hot
Derived terms

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
炎
えん
Grade: S
on’yomi
Alternative spellings
焔
焰
燄 (rare)

炎 is a daiyōji replacing 焔.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ẽ̞ɴ]

Affix

炎(えん) • (en) 

  1. flame, blaze
  2. (figurative) passion, emotion
Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  5. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. Tsukishima, Hiroshi (1079) Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 12: Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN.

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 炎 (MC ɦˠiᴇm). Recorded as Middle Korean 염 (yem) (Yale: yem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 炎 (eumhun 불꽃 염 (bulkkot yeom))

  1. Hanja form? of 염 (“flame”).
  2. Hanja form? of 염 (“(medicine) inflammation”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Old Japanese

Etymology

Compound of 火 (po, combining form of pi2, “fire”) +‎ の (no2, possessive particle) +‎ 穗 (po, “ear, head”).[1][2][3]

Noun

炎 (pono2po) (kana ほのほ)

  1. a flame
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 13, poem 3344), text here
      ...螢成髣髴聞而大土乎火穗跡而...
      ...potaru nasu pono2ka ni ki1ki1te opotuti wo pono2po to2 pumi1te...
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Descendants
  • Japanese: 炎 (honō)

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Han character

炎: Hán Nôm readings: viêm

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