熱

See also: 热 and 熟
熱 U+71B1, 熱
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71B1
← 熰
[U+71B0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 熲 →
[U+71B2]

Translingual

Han character

熱 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土戈火 (GIF), four-corner 45331, composition ⿱埶灬)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 681, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19360
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1092, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2230, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+71B1

Chinese
trad. 熱
simp. 热
alternative forms 𤍠
𤉟
𤋩
𤎮
𪌌

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (埶) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
褹 *ŋr'eːds, *ŋeds
勢 *hŋjeds
藝 *ŋeds
囈 *ŋeds
埶 *ŋeds
蓺 *ŋeds
槸 *ŋeds
爇 *ŋʷjed
褻 *sŋed
暬 *sŋed
熱 *ŋjed
槷 *ŋeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋjed) : phonetic 埶 (OC *ŋeds) + semantic 灬 (“fire”).

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) considers this a *-t derivation of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nwe (“warm”) (with initial *n- ~ ŋ- vacillation), whence also Burmese နွေး (nwe:, “warm; lukewarm”) and နွှေး (hnwe:, “to warm something; to revise”).

Often considered to be related to 爇 (OC *ŋʷjed, “to burn; to toast”) and 焫 (OC *njod, “hot”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • lia̍t/jia̍t - literary;
  • loa̍h/joa̍h - vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: riêg8 / riag8 / ruah8
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jie̍k / jia̍k / jua̍h
      • Sinological IPA (key): /d͡ziek̚⁴/, /d͡ziak̚⁴/, /d͡zuaʔ⁴/
Note:
  • riêg8/riag8 - literary (riêg8 - Chaozhou);
  • ruah8 - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 熱
Mandarin Beijing /ʐɤ⁵¹/
Harbin /ʐɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /iɤ⁵³/
/ʐɤ⁵³/
Jinan /ʐə²¹/
Qingdao /iə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʐʐ̩ɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /ʐɤ²¹/
Xining /ʐɛ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʐə¹³/
Lanzhou /ʐə¹³/
Ürümqi /ʐɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /nɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /ze³¹/
Guiyang /zɛ²¹/
Kunming /ʐə³¹/
Nanjing /ʐəʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʐɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /zaʔ²/
Pingyao /ʐʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /ʐaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ȵiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /zz̩ʷəʔ²/
Wenzhou /ȵi²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ne²²/
Tunxi /ȵia¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ye²⁴/
Xiangtan /ie²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /lɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiat̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ŋiet̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jit̚²/
Nanning /jit̚²²/
Hong Kong /jit̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /liat̚⁵/
/luaʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ieʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /iɛ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ziak̚⁵/
/zuaʔ⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /zit̚³/
/zua³³/
Rime
Character 熱
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 仙 (81)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 如列切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ȵiᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ȵiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȵʑjæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ȵiat̚/
Li
Rong		 /ȵiɛt̚/
Wang
Li		 /ȵʑĭɛt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȵʑi̯ɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 rè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jit6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 熱
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 rè
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nyet ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.nat/ (or *C.ŋet?)
English hot

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 熱
Reading # 1/1
No. 15099
Phonetic
component		 埶
Rime
group		 月
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 熱
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋjed/

Definitions

熱

  1. hot; heated; having a high temperature
    一杯熱茶／一杯热茶  ―  yī bēi rè chá  ―  a cup of hot tea
    今天很熱。／今天很热。  ―  Jīntiān hěn rè.  ―  It is quite hot today.
    啲湯仲好熱，小心啲啦。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    啲汤仲好热，小心啲啦。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    di1 tong1 zung6 hou2 jit6, siu2 sam1 di1 laa1. [Jyutping]
    The soup's still hot; be careful.
    湯還熱呢，要小心。／汤还热呢，要小心。  ―  Tāng hái rè ne, yào xiǎoxīn.  ―  The soup's still hot; be careful.
  2. to heat up; to warm up
  3. heat; hotness; warmness; high temperature
    傳熱／传热  ―  chuán rè  ―  to conduct heat
  4. (literary) hot weather; summer heat
  5. kind; amiable; fervent; close and dear
    熱情／热情  ―  rèqíng  ―  enthusiastic
    熱戀／热恋  ―  rèliàn  ―  to be head over heels in love; to be madly in love
    熱心腸／热心肠  ―  rèxīncháng  ―  warm-heartedness
  6. fever; febrility; pyrexia
    發熱／发热  ―  fārè  ―  to have a fever
    退熱／退热  ―  tuìrè  ―  to bring down a fever
  7. craze; fad
    鋼琴熱／钢琴热  ―  gāngqín rè  ―  piano craze; intense enthusiasm for learning the piano
  8. popular; fashionable; in vogue
    熱門／热门  ―  rèmén  ―  popular; in vogue; hot
  9. noisy; lively
    熱鬧／热闹  ―  rènào  ―  bustling; lively
  10. (literary) worried; anxious; distraught
  11. envious
    眼熱／眼热  ―  yǎnrè  ―  to envy
  12. (traditional Chinese medicine) heaty
  13. a surname

Synonyms
  • (hot):
Synonyms of 熱
Dialectal synonyms of 熱 (“hot”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 熱
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 熱
Mandarin Beijing 熱
Taiwan 熱
Yantai (Muping) 熱
Jinan 熱
Wanrong 熱
Xi'an 熱
Yinchuan 熱
Wuhan 熱
Chengdu 熱
Guilin 熱
Yangzhou 熱, 暖 †
Nanjing 熱
Hefei 熱
Singapore 燒 ‡, 熱 †
Cantonese Guangzhou 熱, 㷫
Hong Kong 熱, 㷫
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 熱
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 熱
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 熱
Taishan 熱
Dongguan 熱, 㷫
Yangjiang 熱
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 熱
Singapore (Guangfu) 熱, 燒 ‡
Gan Nanchang 熱
Lichuan 熱
Pingxiang 熱
Hakka Meixian 燒, 熱
Xingning 燒
Huidong (Daling) 燒
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 滾
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 暖
Changting 燒
Wuping 燒
Wuping (Pingyu) 燒
Liancheng 燒
Ninghua 燒
Ruijin 滾
Shicheng 燒
Shangyou (Shexi) 滾
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 熱
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 熱
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 熱
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 熱
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 熱
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 熱
Hong Kong 燒, 熱 †
Huizhou Jixi 熱
Jin Taiyuan 熱
Min Bei Jian'ou 燒, 熱 †
Min Dong Fuzhou 熱
Matsu 熱
Min Nan Xiamen 燒, 熱 †
Xiamen (Tong'an) 燒
Quanzhou 燒, 熱
Zhangzhou 燒, 熱
Zhao'an 燒
Dongshan 熱
Taipei 燒 GT, 熱 †, GT
Penang (Hokkien) 燒 ‡, 熱 †
Singapore (Hokkien) 燒 ‡, 熱 †
Manila (Hokkien) 燒 ‡, 熱 †
Chaozhou 燒, 熱 †
Shantou 燒, 熱 †
Jieyang 燒 ‡, 熱 †
Bangkok (Teochew) 燒, 熱 †
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 燒, 熱 †
Singapore (Teochew) 燒 ‡, 熱 †
Leizhou 熱
Wenchang 燒
Haikou 燒, 燒熱
Qionghai 熱
Singapore (Hainanese) 燒 ‡, 熱 †
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 熱
Wu Shanghai 熱
Suzhou 熱
Wenzhou 熱
Jinhua 熱
Xiang Changsha 熱
Shuangfeng 熱
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified); † - describes the weather; ‡ - describes objects

Compounds
Derived terms from 熱

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (熱):
  • → Japanese: 熱(ねつ) (netsu)
  • → Korean: 열(熱) (yeol)
  • → Vietnamese: nhiệt (熱)

Japanese
See also 熱する

Kanji
熱

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. heat
  2. temperature
  3. fever
  4. mania
  5. passion

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
熱
ねつ
Grade: 4
goon

From Middle Chinese 熱 (MC ȵiᴇt̚).

Pronunciation

Noun

熱(ねつ) • (netsu) 

  1. fever
    物(もの)凄(すご)い熱(ねつ)を出(だ)す
    monosugoi netsu o dasu
    to come down with a terrible fever
  2. (physics) heat

Suffix

熱(ねつ) • (-netsu) 

  1. (informal) passion; mania; fever (towards an activity or topic)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

熱 (eumhun 더울 열 (deoul yeol))

  1. Hanja form? of 열 (“fever; heat”).

Vietnamese

Han character

熱: Hán Việt readings: nhiệt[1]
熱: Nôm readings: nhét[2], nhẹt[2]

  1. chữ Hán form of nhiệt (“heat”).

References
  1. Trần (1999).
  2. Hồ (1976).
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