金剛

See also: 金刚

Chinese

		metal; gold; money	hard; firm; strong hard; firm; strong; just; barely; exactly
trad. (金剛)		金	剛
simp. (金刚)		金	刚

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīngāng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣㄍㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gam¹ gong¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kîm-kông
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kim-kong

(Teochew, Peng'im): gim¹ geng¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīngāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣㄍㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jingang
  - Wade–Giles: chin¹-kang¹
  - Yale: jīn-gāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingang
  - Palladius: цзиньган (czinʹgan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gam¹ gong¹
  - Yale: gām gōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gam¹ gong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gem¹ gong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîm-kông
  - Hakka Romanization System: gim´ gong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gim¹ gong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kim²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kim-kong
  - Tâi-lô: kim-kong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kimkofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kim⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kim³³ kɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kim⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kim⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kim⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gim¹ geng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kim kṳng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kim³³⁻²³ kɯŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: /kˠiɪm kɑŋ/

Rime
Character	金	剛
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	居吟切	古郎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪm/	/kɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚim/	/kɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiem/	/kɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjim/	/kaŋ/
Li Rong	/kjəm/	/kɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭĕm/	/kɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯əm/	/kɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīn	gāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam¹	gong¹

Noun

金剛

(～石) diamond
(figuratively) object that is extremely hard and strong
(Buddhism) vajra
(Buddhism) tutelary of Buddhist teaching
- 1883, Fielde, Adele Marion, “金 (kim)”, in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect, Arranged According to Syllables and Tones, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 249:
  
  就是金剛，我亦欲看伊處土。 [Teochew, trad.]
  就是金刚，我亦欲看伊处土。 [Teochew, simp.]
  zu⁷ si⁶ gim¹ geng¹, ua² ia⁷ ain³ kang³ i¹ go³ thou⁵. [Peng'im]
  Though he were the gods that guard the temple gates I would treat him as if he were clay.
pupa of some insects

Synonyms

(diamond): 金剛石／金刚石 (jīngāngshí), 鑽石／钻石 (zuànshí)

Derived terms

丈二金剛／丈二金刚
四大金剛／四大金刚
密跡金剛／密迹金刚
沒那金剛鑽兒，也不攬那磁器傢伙／没那金刚钻儿，也不揽那磁器家伙
立地金剛／立地金刚
變形金剛／变形金刚 (biànxíng jīngāng)
金剛不壞之身／金刚不坏之身 (jīngāng bùhuài zhī shēn)
金剛努目／金刚努目
金剛山／金刚山 (Jīngāngshān)
金剛怒目／金刚怒目
金剛牆／金刚墙 (jīngāngqiáng)

金剛猩猩／金刚猩猩
金剛界／金刚界
金剛石／金刚石 (jīngāngshí)
金剛砂／金刚砂 (jīngāngshā)
金剛經／金刚经
金剛鑽／金刚钻 (jīngāngzuàn)
金剛鑽婚／金刚钻婚
金剛頂經／金刚顶经
金剛鸚鵡／金刚鹦鹉 (jīngāng yīngwǔ, “macaw”)
鐵金剛／铁金刚

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (金剛):

→ Japanese: 金剛(こんごう) (kongō)
→ Vietnamese: kim cương (金剛)

Etymology 2

Phono-semantic matching of English King Kong.

Proper noun

金剛

King Kong (fictional giant ape)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
金	剛
こん Grade: 1	ごう Grade: S
goon	kan’yōon

Etymology

/komʉ kau/ → /koŋɡau/ → /koŋɡɔː/ → /koŋɡoː/

From Middle Chinese 金剛 (MC kˠiɪm kɑŋ), itself a translation of Sanskrit वज्र (vajra, “diamond, adamant; thunderbolt”).[1][2][3][4][5]

Compare modern Cantonese 金剛／金刚 (gam¹ gong¹).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こんごー [kóꜜǹgòò] (Atamadaka – [1])[4]
IPA^(key): [kõ̞ŋɡo̞ː]

Noun

金(こん)剛(ごう) • (kongō) ^{←こんがう (kongau)^?}

an adamant (mythical rock thought to be of impenetrable hardness)
(by extension) something extremely solid and indestructible
(by extension) the firmness of one's own spirit and the strength of one's own spiritual power
Short for 金剛石 (kongōseki): a diamond as a mineral or gemstone
(Buddhism) Short for 金剛界 (kongōkai): the Diamond Realm in Vajrayana Buddhism
(Buddhism) Short for 金剛杵 (kongōsho): a vajra (Buddhist double-headed ceremonial mace)
(Buddhism) Short for 金剛力士 (kongō rikishi): a pair of vajra-wielding deities guarding most Buddhist temples
(Buddhism) Short for 金剛童子 (kongō dōshi): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Short for 金剛草履 (kongō zōri): a large zori made from straw or soft rush
(by extension, theater) an actor or prostitute in charge of footwear, mostly handling kongō zōri

Derived terms

Derived terms

金(コン)剛(ゴウ)鸚(イン)哥(コ) (kongō inko)
金(こん)剛(ごう)界(かい) (kongōkai)
金(こん)剛(ごう)経(きょう) (Kongō-kyō)
金(こん)剛(ごう)薩(さっ)埵(た) (Kongōsatta)
金(こん)剛(ごう)山(さん) (Kongōsan)
金(こん)剛(ごう)杵(しょ) (kongōsho)
金(こん)剛(ごう)杖(じょう) (kongōjō)
金(こん)剛(ごう)石(せき) (kongōseki)
金(こん)剛(ごう)草(ぞう)履(り) (kongō zōri)
金(こん)剛(ごう)頂(ちょう)経(ぎょう) (Kongōchō-gyō)
金(こん)剛(ごう)杖(づえ) (kongōzue)
金(こん)剛(ごう)童(どう)子(し) (kongō dōshi)
金(こん)剛(ごう)力(りき) (kongōriki)

See also

伐折羅(ばさら), 伐闍羅(ばさら), 跋折羅(ばさら), 縛日羅(ばさら) (basara, transliterations of Sanskrit vajra)
草(ぞう)履(り)取(と)り (zōritori, “servant in charge of footwear”)
ダイヤモンド (daiyamondo, “diamond”)

Proper noun

金(こん)剛(ごう) • (Kongō) ^{←こんがう (kongau)^?}

Short for 金剛座 (Kongōza): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
(theater) Short for 金剛流 (Kongō-ryū): a leading school of noh
(historical) a class of battlecruisers in the Imperial Japanese Navy built before World War I, see Kongō-class battlecruiser on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Hyponyms: 霧島 (Kirishima), 榛名 (Haruna), 比叡 (Hiei)
(historical) the lead ship of her class, which was rebuilt into a battleship in 1929, see Japanese battleship Kongō on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
a placename
a surname, especially used by masters of the Kongō-ryū
a male or female given name

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
“金剛”, in 世界大百科事典第２版 (Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainihan, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 1998
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
“金剛”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
金	剛

Noun

金剛

chữ Hán form of kim cương (“diamond”).

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