韭菜

Chinese

		leek	dish (type of food); vegetables
trad. (韭菜/韮菜)		韭/韮	菜
simp. (韭菜)		韭	菜

Etymology

The neologism sense comes from the fact that garlic chives are able to regrow after their part above the ground is cut off.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiǔcài

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄘㄞˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gau² coi³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): giu² toi^1-4
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kiú-chhoi

(Meixian, Guangdong): giu³ coi⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kú-chhài

(Teochew, Peng'im): gu² cai³
Wu (Wiktionary): ²jieu-tshe
Xiang (Wiktionary): jiou³ cai⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiǔcài
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄘㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiǒucài
  - Wade–Giles: chiu³-tsʻai⁴
  - Yale: jyǒu-tsài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeoutsay
  - Palladius: цзюцай (czjucaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    酒菜
    韭菜
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gau² coi³
  - Yale: gáu choi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gau² tsoi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: geo² coi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: giu² toi^1-4
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiu⁵⁵ tʰᵘɔi³³⁻²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiú-chhoi
  - Hakka Romanization System: giu` coi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giu³ coi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯u³¹ t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: giu³ coi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ciu³¹ t͡sʰoɪ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kú-chhài
  - Tâi-lô: kú-tshài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kwzhaix
  - IPA (Taipei): /ku⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ku⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Singapore): /ku⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ku⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ku⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gu² cai³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kú tshài
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰai²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ²jieu-tshe
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiɜ³³ t͡sʰe̞⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: jiou³ cai⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiəu⁴¹ t͡sʰai⁴⁵/

Noun

韭菜 (1)

韭菜

garlic chive; Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum)
(Mainland China, neologism, figurative, Internet slang) someone who can be repeatedly deceived and exploited, especially by the government or the stock market; dupe; shitizen
割韭菜 ― gē jiǔcài ― to reap the people
- 我被機構投資者割韭菜了。 [MSC, trad.]
  我被机构投资者割韭菜了。 [MSC, simp.]
  From:
  2021 February 10, ““割韭菜”“韭菜”用英语怎么说？”, in zhuanlan.zhihu.com‎:
  Wǒ bèi jīgòu tóuzīzhě gē jiǔcài le. [Pinyin]
  I was taken advantage of by the institutional investors.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 韭菜 (“garlic chives”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		韭
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		韭菜
Mandarin	Beijing	韭菜
	Taiwan	韭菜
	Harbin	韭菜
	Shenyang	韭菜
	Yantai (Muping)	韭菜
	Jinan	韭菜
	Luoyang	韭菜
	Wanrong	韭菜
	Xi'an	韭菜
	Yinchuan	韭菜
	Lanzhou	韭菜
	Xining	韭菜
	Ürümqi	韭菜
	Wuhan	韭菜
	Huanggang	韭菜
	Chengdu	韭菜
	Guiyang	韭菜
	Kunming	韭菜
	Guilin	韭菜
	Liuzhou	韭菜, 扁菜
	Xuzhou	韭菜
	Yangzhou	韭菜
	Nanjing	韭菜
	Hefei	韭菜
	Nantong	韭菜
	Malaysia	韭菜
	Singapore	韭菜
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	韭菜
	Dagudi (Maliba)	韭菜
	Reshuitang (Longling)	韭菜
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	韭菜
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	韭菜
Cantonese	Guangzhou	韭菜
	Hong Kong	韭菜
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	韭菜
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	韭菜
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	韭菜
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	韭菜
	Taishan	韭菜
	Dongguan	韭菜
	Yangjiang	韭菜
	Nanning	扁菜
	Wuzhou	快菜
	Yulin	韭菜
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	韭菜
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	韭菜
	Singapore (Guangfu)	韭菜
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	韭菜
Gan	Nanchang	韭菜, 快菜 dated
	Pengze	韭菜
	Lichuan	韭菜
	Pingxiang	韭菜
Hakka	Meixian	韭菜, 快菜
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	韭菜
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	韭菜
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	韭菜, 快菜
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	快菜
	Wuhua (Changbu)	韭菜
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	韭菜
	Yudu	韭菜, 快菜 sailors
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	快菜
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	快菜
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	韭菜
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	韭菜
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	韭菜
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	韭菜
	Hong Kong	韭菜
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	韭菜
	Sabah (Longchuan)	韭菜
	Senai (Huiyang)	韭菜
	Singkawang	快菜
Huizhou	Jixi	韭菜
Jin	Taiyuan	韭菜
	Xinzhou	韭菜
	Hohhot	韭菜
Min Bei	Jian'ou	韭仔
Min Bei	Wuyishan	韭仔
Min Dong	Fuzhou	韭菜
	Fuqing	韭菜
	Matsu	韭菜
Min Nan	Xiamen	韭菜
	Quanzhou	韭菜
	Zhangzhou	韭菜
	Taipei	韭菜
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	韭菜
	Kaohsiung	韭菜
	Yilan	韭菜
	Kinmen	韭菜
	Penghu (Magong)	韭菜
	Penang (Hokkien)	韭菜
	Singapore (Hokkien)	韭菜
	Manila (Hokkien)	韭菜
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	韭菜
	Datian	韭菜仔
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	韭菜
	Chaozhou	韭菜
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	韭菜
	Haikou	韭菜
Puxian Min	Putian	韭菜
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	扁菜, 韭菜
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	韭菜
Wu	Shanghai	韭菜
	Shanghai (Chongming)	韭菜
	Suzhou	韭菜
	Danyang	韭菜
	Hangzhou	韭菜
	Ningbo	韭菜
	Wenzhou	韭菜
	Jinhua	韭菜
Xiang	Changsha	韭菜
	Loudi	韭菜
	Shuangfeng	韭菜
	Quanzhou	韭菜

Derived terms

白韭菜
韭菜命
韭菜春
韭菜盒 (jiǔcàihé)

韭菜盒子 (jiǔcài hézi)
韭菜粿 (jiǔcàiguǒ)
韭菜花 (jiǔcàihuā)
韭菜餃／韭菜饺 (jiǔcàijiǎo)

Descendants

→ Malay: kucai
- → Indonesian: kucai
- → Pattani Malay: کوچا‎ / กูจา
→ Mongolian: жууцай (žuucaj)
→ Thai: กุยช่าย (gui-châai)

References

“Entry #5660”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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