體

See also: 体, 骵, 躰, and 軆
體 U+9AD4, 體
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9AD4
← 髓
[U+9AD3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 髕 →
[U+9AD5]

Translingual
Japanese 体
Simplified 体
Traditional 體/体

Han character

體 (Kangxi radical 188, 骨+13, 23 strokes, cangjie input 月月廿田廿 (BBTWT), four-corner 75218, composition ⿰骨豊)

Derived characters
  • 𭍑, 𥸠

References
  • KangXi: page 1451, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45291
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1978, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4419, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+9AD4

Chinese
trad. 體
simp. 体*
alternative forms 軆
躰

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (豊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
體 *r̥ʰiːʔ
軆 *r̥ʰiːʔ
禮 *riːʔ
澧 *riːʔ
醴 *riːʔ
豊 *riːʔ
鱧 *riːʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *r̥ʰiːʔ) : semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sri (“to exist”) (Benedict, 1976); cognate with Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-ri(t), whence Tibetan སྲིད་པ (srid pa) and Burmese ရှိ (hri., “to be, to exist”).

Schuessler (2007) derives Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“live, alive, green, raw”) from this root, yet points out that 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs)'s initial *sr- cluster was retained instead of becoming voiceless /r̥/ as in 體 (OC *r̥ʰiːʔ), possibly owing to re-analysis of *s- as a causative prefix.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • tǐ - usual pronunciation;
  • tī - Mainland variant, only used in 體己.
Note:
  • thái/thóe/thuíⁿ - colloquial;
  • thé - literary.
Note:
  • toi2 - vernacular;
  • ti2 - literary.
Rime
Character 體
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 他禮切
Baxter thejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰeiX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰeiX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰɛiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰɛjX/
Li
Rong		 /tʰeiX/
Wang
Li		 /tʰieiX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰieiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 tai2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 體
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 tǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ thejX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*r̥ˁijʔ/
English body; limbs

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 體
Reading # 1/1
No. 7837
Phonetic
component		 豊
Rime
group		 脂
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 體
Old
Chinese		 /*r̥ʰiːʔ/

Definitions

體

  1. body
    身體／身体  ―  shēntǐ  ―  body
  2. part of the body
    肢體／肢体  ―  zhītǐ  ―  limb
  3. state of a substance
    固體／固体  ―  gùtǐ  ―  solid state
  4. whole entity
    物體／物体  ―  wùtǐ  ―  object
  5. form; structure
    體制／体制  ―  tǐzhì  ―  system of organization
  6. (literature) style; form; genre; structure
    文體／文体  ―  wéntǐ  ―  literary form
  7. style of calligraphy
    隸體／隶体  ―  lìtǐ  ―  clerical script
    聖書體／圣书体  ―  shèngshūtǐ  ―  hieroglyph
  8. typeface
    宋體／宋体  ―  sòngtǐ  ―  Song typeface
  9. three-dimensional object
    正方體／正方体  ―  zhèngfāngtǐ  ―  cube
  10. principle
  11. (Mainland China, grammar) aspect of a verb
    進行體／进行体  ―  jìnxíngtǐ  ―  progressive aspect
  12. to do or experience personally
    身體力行／身体力行  ―  shēntǐlìxíng  ―  to practise what one advocates
    體驗／体验  ―  tǐyàn  ―  to learn through experience
  13. to put oneself in someone else's position
    體恤／体恤  ―  tǐxù  ―  to understand and sympathize with
  14. (Philippines Hokkien) manner; attitude; behavior
  15. a surname

Compounds
Derived terms from 體

Japanese

Shinjitai

 体

Kyūjitai

 體

Kanji
體

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 体)

  1. body

Readings

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 體 (MC tʰeiX). Recorded as Middle Korean 톄〮 (thyéy) (Yale: thyéy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 體 (eumhun 몸 체 (mom che))

  1. Hanja form? of 체 (“body; shape; form”).
  2. Hanja form? of 체 (“matter; object”).
  3. Hanja form? of 체 (“style; handwriting”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

體: Hán Nôm readings: thể

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