ésser

See also: esser and èsser

Catalan

Alternative forms

esser, ser

Etymology

From early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

Pronunciation

(Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /ˈe.sə/

(Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈe.seɾ/
Audio (file)

Verb

ésser (first-person singular present soc, past participle estat)

(copulative) to be
to exist, to be real, to be reality

Usage notes

Ésser in the sense of "to be" is used for a characteristic of a person or object. See also: estar.
Soc britànic, és catalana. ― I'm British, she's Catalan.

L'or és groc. ― Gold is yellow.
Ésser + past participle forms the passive voice.
Era pagat per la Generalitat. ― I was paid by the Generalitat.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ésser

person		singular			plural
infinitive			ésser
present participle			essent
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		estat, sigut		estada, siguda
		plural		estats, siguts		estades, sigudes
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	sóc	ets	és	som	sou	són
	imperfect	era	eres	era	érem	éreu	eren
	future	seré	seràs	serà	serem	sereu	seran
	preterite	fui	fores	fou	fórem	fóreu	foren
	conditional	seria	series	seria	seríem	seríeu	serien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	sigui	siguis	sigui	siguem	sigueu	siguin
	imperfect	fos	fossis	fos	fóssim	fóssiu	fossin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
imperative		—	sigues	sigui	siguem	sigueu	siguin

Noun

ésser m (plural éssers)

being (a living creature)

Derived terms

ésser humà

Further reading

“ésser” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
“ésser”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
“ésser” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
“ésser” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

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