ища
Bulgarian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *jьskati (a/j-conjugation), with preterite forms from ě/i-conjugation (hypothetical *jьščati).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈiʃtə]
Verb
и́ща • (íšta) impf
- (transitive, dated, poetic) Alternative form of и́скам (ískam, “to want, to inquire”)
- 1877, Vazon, Ivan, “Последнята борба”, in Тъгите на България:
- Ако роби се родихме, волни ищем да умрем...
- Ako robi se rodihme, volni ištem da umrem...
- While we were born slaves, [at least] we want to die free...
- Църву́ли ня́ма, га́йда и́ще. (proverb) ― Cǎrvúli njáma, gájda íšte. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example) (literally, “He does not [even] have simple shoes, but fancies a bagpipe.”)
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Conjugation
Conjugation of и́ща (conjugation 1.2, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | и́щещ íštešt |
и́щал, ища́л1 íštal, ištál1 |
и́щел íštel |
и́щан íštan |
и́щейки íštejki | |
| definite subject form | и́щещият íšteštijat |
и́щалият, ища́лият1 íštalijat, ištálijat1 |
— | и́щаният íštanijat | |||
| definite object form | и́щещия íšteštija |
и́щалия, ища́лия1 íštalija, ištálija1 |
— | и́щания íštanija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | и́щеща íštešta |
и́щала, ища́ла1 íštala, ištála1 |
и́щела íštela |
и́щана íštana | ||
| definite | и́щещата íšteštata |
и́щалата, ища́лата1 íštalata, ištálata1 |
— | и́щаната íštanata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | и́щещо íštešto |
и́щало, ища́ло1 íštalo, ištálo1 |
и́щело íštelo |
и́щано íštano |
и́щене íštene | |
| definite | и́щещото íšteštoto |
и́щалото, ища́лото1 íštaloto, ištáloto1 |
— | и́щаното íštanoto |
и́щенето íšteneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | и́щещи íštešti |
и́щали, ища́ли1 íštali, ištáli1 |
и́щели íšteli |
и́щани íštani |
и́щения, и́щенета íštenija, íšteneta | |
| definite | и́щещите íšteštite |
и́щалите, ища́лите1 íštalite, ištálite1 |
— | и́щаните íštanite |
и́щенията, и́щенетата íštenijata, íštenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | и́ща íšta |
и́щеш íšteš |
и́ще íšte |
и́щем íštem |
и́щете íštete |
и́щат íštat | |
| imperfect | и́щех íšteh |
и́щеше íšteše |
и́щеше íšteše |
и́щехме íštehme |
и́щехте íštehte |
и́щеха íšteha | |
| aorist | и́щах, ища́х1 íštah, ištáh1 |
и́ща, ища́1 íšta, ištá1 |
и́ща, ища́1 íšta, ištá1 |
и́щахме, ища́хме1 íštahme, ištáhme1 |
и́щахте, ища́хте1 íštahte, ištáhte1 |
и́щаха, ища́ха1 íštaha, ištáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and и́щал/ища́л1 m, и́щала/ища́ла1 f, и́щало/ища́ло1 n, or и́щали/ища́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and и́щал/ища́л1 m, и́щала/ища́ла1 f, и́щало/ища́ло1 n, or и́щали/ища́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and и́щал/ища́л1 m, и́щала/ища́ла1 f, и́щало/ища́ло1 n, or и́щали/ища́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and и́щал/ища́л1 m, и́щала/ища́ла1 f, и́щало/ища́ло1 n, or и́щали/ища́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and и́щел m, и́щела f, и́щело n, or и́щели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and и́щал/ища́л1 m, и́щала/ища́ла1 f, и́щало/ища́ло1 n, or и́щали/ища́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and и́щал/ища́л1 m, и́щала/ища́ла1 f, и́щало/ища́ло1 n, or и́щали/ища́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and и́щал/ища́л1 m, и́щала/ища́ла1 f, и́щало/ища́ло1 n, or и́щали/ища́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and и́щел m, и́щела f, и́щело n, or и́щели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and и́щал/ища́л1 m, и́щала/ища́ла1 f, и́щало/ища́ло1 n, or и́щали/ища́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and и́щал/ища́л1 m, и́щала/ища́ла1 f, и́щало/ища́ло1 n, or и́щали/ища́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and и́щел m, и́щела f, и́щело n, or и́щели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and и́щал/ища́л1 m, и́щала/ища́ла1 f, и́щало/ища́ло1 n, or и́щали/ища́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and и́щал/ища́л1 m, и́щала/ища́ла1 f, и́щало/ища́ло1 n, or и́щали/ища́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and и́щал/ища́л1 m, и́щала/ища́ла1 f, и́щало/ища́ло1 n, or и́щали/ища́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and и́щал/ища́л1 m, и́щала/ища́ла1 f, и́щало/ища́ло1 n, or и́щали/ища́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| ищи́ iští |
ище́те ištéte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Alternative forms
- и́щам (íštam), и́щем (íštem) – dialectal, with athematic endings
References
- ища in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “ище”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 97
- Nayden Gerov (1897), “и́щѫ, -ешь; иска́хъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 331
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɪˈɕːa]
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