хем

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish هم‎ (“and also”) (whence modern Turkish hem), of Persian origin. Some of the grammatical functions are inherited/influenced from the locative enclitic Proto-Slavic *jemь.

хем • (hem)

1. Used for emphasized conjunction: and/but also

   Synonyms: и (i), още (ošte)

   Накажи́ еди́ния, хем дру́гия! ― Nakaží edínija, hem drúgija! ― Punish that one and also the other!

   оби́чам сла́дко, хем соле́но ― obíčam sládko, hem soléno ― to like sweet [food] but also salty [food]

2. (obsolescent) Used to emphasize the manner, place, or objective in which something transpires.

   Synonym: ей (ej)

   сто́я хем там ― stója hem tam ― to be standing just over there

   пола́гам не́що хем ка́кто е пока́зано ― polágam néšto hem kákto e pokázano ― to set/install something just as how it is shown

Conjugation хем carries a slight sense of contrast. Arguments introduced through it are typically separated by comma (unlike otherwise synonymous и (i)).

• ем (em) – dialectal-colloquial, with silent x-

• хем ... хем ... (hem ... hem ...)

• хем in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
• хем in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Čitanka.Info)
• Nayden Gerov; Тодор Панчев (1904), “*хемъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 496

From Yeniseian. Compare Kott kem (“river”). Compare Tofa һем (hem). Compare Middle Mongol [Term?], Middle Chinese 謙 (*kʰem, “Yenisei”), and also Written Oirat ᡍᡄᡏ (kem).

• IPA^(key): [x̟e̞m]
• (Altay Prefecture) IPA^(key): /kem/
• Hyphenation: хем

хем • (xem) (definite accusative хемни, plural хемнер)

1. river

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

• Хем-Белдир (Xem-Beldir)