բոշա
Armenian
Alternative forms
- բոշայ (bošay), բօշայ (bōšay) – traditional orthography spelling
Alternative forms
According to Vrtanes Papazian, likely derives from the dialectal word բոշ (boš, “idle; useless”).[1] But according to Voskanian, that is a folk etymology.[2]
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [bɔˈʃɑ]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [pʰɔˈʃɑ]
Audio (Eastern Armenian) (file)
Noun
բոշա • (boša)
- (sometimes offensive) a member of the Bosha, an Armenian Gypsy : a member of the Lom people
- ca. 1680–1684, Baṙ girg taliani [An Armenian–Italian Dictionary published in Venice] page 11:[3]
- բօշայ․ ցինկանայ
- bōšay; cʿinkanay
- բօշայ (bōšay) = cingana
- բօշայ․ ցինկանայ
- (colloquial, offensive) beggar
- (colloquial, offensive) bum, hobo, tramp
- (colloquial, offensive) impudent, barefaced person
Usage notes
This term is an exonym and carries negative connotations such as "constantly begging", "impudent" and "shameless";[4] many members of the Lom people find its use offensive.[5]
Declension
i-type, animate (Eastern Armenian)
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | բոշա (boša) | բոշաներ (bošaner) | ||
| dative | բոշայի (bošayi) | բոշաների (bošaneri) | ||
| ablative | բոշայից (bošayicʿ) | բոշաներից (bošanericʿ) | ||
| instrumental | բոշայով (bošayov) | բոշաներով (bošanerov) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | բոշան (bošan) | բոշաները/բոշաներն (bošanerə/bošanern) | ||
| dative | բոշային (bošayin) | բոշաներին (bošanerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | բոշաս (bošas) | բոշաներս (bošaners) | ||
| dative | բոշայիս (bošayis) | բոշաներիս (bošaneris) | ||
| ablative | բոշայիցս (bošayicʿs) | բոշաներիցս (bošanericʿs) | ||
| instrumental | բոշայովս (bošayovs) | բոշաներովս (bošanerovs) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | բոշադ (bošad) | բոշաներդ (bošanerd) | ||
| dative | բոշայիդ (bošayid) | բոշաներիդ (bošanerid) | ||
| ablative | բոշայիցդ (bošayicʿd) | բոշաներիցդ (bošanericʿd) | ||
| instrumental | բոշայովդ (bošayovd) | բոշաներովդ (bošanerovd) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
i-type/u-type, animate (Colloquial Eastern Armenian)
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | բոշա (boša) | բոշեք (bošekʿ) | ||
| dative | բոշի, բոշու (boši, bošu) | բոշեքի (bošekʿi) | ||
| ablative | բոշից, բոշուց (bošicʿ, bošucʿ) | բոշեքից (bošekʿicʿ) | ||
| instrumental | բոշով (bošov) | բոշեքով (bošekʿov) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | բոշեն (bošen) | բոշեքը/բոշեքն (bošekʿə/bošekʿn) | ||
| dative | բոշին, բոշուն (bošin, bošun) | բոշեքին (bošekʿin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | բոշես (bošes) | բոշեքս (bošekʿs) | ||
| dative | բոշիս (bošis) | բոշեքիս (bošekʿis) | ||
| ablative | բոշիցս (bošicʿs) | բոշեքիցս (bošekʿicʿs) | ||
| instrumental | բոշովս (bošovs) | բոշեքովս (bošekʿovs) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | բոշեդ (bošed) | բոշեքդ (bošekʿd) | ||
| dative | բոշիդ (bošid) | բոշեքիդ (bošekʿid) | ||
| ablative | բոշիցդ (bošicʿd) | բոշեքիցդ (bošekʿicʿd) | ||
| instrumental | բոշովդ (bošovd) | բոշեքովդ (bošekʿovd) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
Derived terms
- բոշայերեն (bošayeren)
Descendants
- → Ottoman Turkish: پوشه (poşa)
- Turkish: poşa
See also
- գնչու (gnčʿu)
References
- Papazean, V. (1898), Hay-Boshaner: Tsagumn, in Azgagrakan handes, 4 (2). pp. 203–218.
- Oskanean, Vardan (2003), “Mi kʿani xōskʿ bošay anuan šurǰ [Some Notes on the Ethnonym Bosha]”, in Haykazean hayagitakan handēs (in Armenian), issue 23, Beirut, pages 177–192
- Orengo, Alessandro (2019), “Il ԲԱՌ ԳԻՐԳ ՏԱԼԻԱՆԻ Un dizionario armeno-italiano del XVII secolo”, in U. Bläsing, J. Dum-Tragut, T.M. van Lint, editors, Armenian, Hittite, and Indo-European Studies: A Commemoration Volume for Jos J.S. Weitenberg (Hebrew University Armenian Studies; 15), Leuven: Peeters, page 218
- 2002, in Anthropology & archeology of Eurasia: Volumes 41-42, page 23: "Although "Bosha" and "Tsygan" [Gypsy] imply diametrically opposite concepts in Gyumri (the former is constantly begging, while the second will never give anything no matter how much you beg), they are found in one and the same semantic space. […] the definition of an Armenian respondent from the village of Dzhraber (Armenia) seems extremely typical: 'a Bosha is an impudent person who has lost all sense of shame — a biznesmen.'"
- 2002, in Anthropology & archeology of Eurasia: Volumes 41-42, page 20: "The word "Gnchu" as an ethnonym to designate all Gypsies came into regular use in the nineteenth century, when the first research about Armenian Gypsies appeared. However, it never entered broad usage in Armenia and is not used as a name for "Armenian Gypsies." This term is no more acceptable to the Armenian Gypsies than the term "Bosha," and its widespread usage would offend then, inasmuch as it would draw a dividing line between them and the Armenians once and for all."
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