քարբ
Armenian
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Old Armenian քարբ (kʿarb).
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [kʰɑɾb]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [kʰɑɾpʰ]
Declension
i-type, animate (Eastern Armenian)
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | քարբ (kʿarb) | քարբեր (kʿarber) | ||
| dative | քարբի (kʿarbi) | քարբերի (kʿarberi) | ||
| ablative | քարբից (kʿarbicʿ) | քարբերից (kʿarbericʿ) | ||
| instrumental | քարբով (kʿarbov) | քարբերով (kʿarberov) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | քարբը/քարբն (kʿarbə/kʿarbn) | քարբերը/քարբերն (kʿarberə/kʿarbern) | ||
| dative | քարբին (kʿarbin) | քարբերին (kʿarberin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | քարբս (kʿarbs) | քարբերս (kʿarbers) | ||
| dative | քարբիս (kʿarbis) | քարբերիս (kʿarberis) | ||
| ablative | քարբիցս (kʿarbicʿs) | քարբերիցս (kʿarbericʿs) | ||
| instrumental | քարբովս (kʿarbovs) | քարբերովս (kʿarberovs) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | քարբդ (kʿarbd) | քարբերդ (kʿarberd) | ||
| dative | քարբիդ (kʿarbid) | քարբերիդ (kʿarberid) | ||
| ablative | քարբիցդ (kʿarbicʿd) | քարբերիցդ (kʿarbericʿd) | ||
| instrumental | քարբովդ (kʿarbovd) | քարբերովդ (kʿarberovd) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
References
- Ałayan, Ēduard (1976), “քարբ”, in Ardi hayereni bacʿatrakan baṙaran [Explanatory Dictionary of Contemporary Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Hayastan, page 1560c
- Čērēčean, Gnēl; Tōnikean, Pʿaramaz; Ter Xačʿaturean, Artašēs (1992), “քարբ”, in Hayocʿ lezui nor baṙaran [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Beirut: G. Doniguian & Fils, page 1091a
- Gabamačean, Simon (1910), “քարբ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hayerēn Lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Constantinople: R. Sakayan press, page 1368a
- Malxaseancʿ, Stepʿan (1944–1945), “քարբ”, in Hayerēn bacʿatrakan baṙaran [Armenian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: State Publishing House, page 561c
Old Armenian
Etymology
Unclear.[1] Most likely derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”),[2][3] but not directly inherited.[4][5] A Mediterranean-Pontic substrate or an Iranian mediation is often postulated as donor: compare Ancient Greek σκορπίος (skorpíos, “scorpion; sea-fish”), Persian کروه (karva) and possibly also Latvian ķirpis (“woodboring beetle”).
Moreover, Arabic عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab, “scorpion”), Classical Syriac ܥܩܪܒܐ (‘eqarbā), Hebrew עַקְרָב (ʿaqrāḇ, “scorpion”) and Ancient Greek κάραβος (kárabos, “horned beetle; crayfish”) share phonetic similarities with this word as well. Martirosyan also finds connections with կարիճ (karič), կոր (kor) and the dialectal term քարպիճոն (kʿarpičon, “a kind of horny insect”).[4]
Noun
քարբ • (kʿarb)
- a kind of serpent, asp, basilisk
- 5th century, Basil of Caesarea, Yałags Vecʿawreay ararčʿutʿean [Homiliae in Hexaemeron] Homily IX:[6][7]
- […] ո՞չ նայիցիմք ընդ առաքեալն Աստուծոյ, որպէս և գրեալ է ի պրակս առաքելոցն, թէ՝ մինչ դեռ զխռիւն ժողովէր Պաւղոս՝ իժ մի քարբ կախեցաւ զձեռանէ նորա […]
- […] o?čʿ nayicʿimkʿ ənd aṙakʿealn Astucoy, orpēs ew greal ē i praks aṙakʿelocʿn, tʿē, minčʿ deṙ zxṙiwn žołovēr Pawłos, iž mi kʿarb kaxecʿaw zjeṙanē nora […]
- Translation by Robert W. Thomson
- Do we not observe the Apostle of God, as is written in the Acts of the Apostles, how while Paul was gathering brushwood a scorpion hung from his hand […]
- […] ո՞չ նայիցիմք ընդ առաքեալն Աստուծոյ, որպէս և գրեալ է ի պրակս առաքելոցն, թէ՝ մինչ դեռ զխռիւն ժողովէր Պաւղոս՝ իժ մի քարբ կախեցաւ զձեռանէ նորա […]
Declension
i-type
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | քարբ (kʿarb) | քարբք (kʿarbkʿ) | |
| genitive | քարբի (kʿarbi) | քարբից (kʿarbicʿ) | |
| dative | քարբի (kʿarbi) | քարբից (kʿarbicʿ) | |
| accusative | քարբ (kʿarb) | քարբս (kʿarbs) | |
| ablative | քարբէ (kʿarbē) | քարբից (kʿarbicʿ) | |
| instrumental | քարբիւ (kʿarbiw) | քարբիւք (kʿarbiwkʿ) | |
| locative | քարբի (kʿarbi) | քարբս (kʿarbs) |
Derived terms
- քարբածնունդ (kʿarbacnund)
Descendants
- Armenian: քարբ (kʿarb) (learned), քարբի օձ (kʿarbi ōj) (dialectal)
References
- Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 101
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1979), “քարբ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume IV, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 561a
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), “քարբ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 778b
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 656-657
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2013), “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship, issue 10, page 116
- Barseł Kesaracʿi (1984), Kim Muradyan, editor, Yałags Vecʿawreay ararčʿutʿean [Homiliae in Hexaemeron], Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 313–314
- Thomson, Robert W. (2012) Saint Basil of Caesarea and Armenian Cosmology: A Study of the Armenian Version of Saint Basil's Hexaemeron and its Influence on Medieval Armenian Views about the Cosmos (Corpus scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium; 646. Subsidia; 130), Leuven: Peeters, page 241
Further reading
- Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1837), “քարբ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 997a
- J̌axǰaxean, Manuēl (1837), “քարբ”, in Baṙgirkʿ i barbaṙ hay ew italakan [Armenian–Italian Dictionary], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 1472a
- Kʿaǰuni, Manuēl (1892), “քարբ”, in Baṙgirkʿ aruesticʿ ew gitutʿeancʿ ew gełecʿik dprutʿeancʿ [Dictionary of Arts and Sciences and Belles Lettres] (in Old Armenian and French), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 252
- Malxaseancʿ, Stepʿan (1945), “քարբ”, in Hayerēn bacʿatrakan baṙaran [Armenian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume IV, Yerevan: State Publishing House, page 561c
- Łazarean, Ṙ. S. (2006), “քարբ”, in Grabari homanišneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Old Armenian Synonyms], Yerevan: University Press, page 691a
- Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “քարբ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 747a
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