خشن

See also: جشن, حسن, and ح س ن

Arabic

Etymology

From the root خ ش ن (ḵ-š-n).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /xa.ʃin/
  • (file)

Verb

خَشُنَ (ḵašuna) I, non-past يَخْشُنُ‎ (yaḵšunu)

  1. to be coarse, to be rude, to be uncouth, to be rough, to be hoarse

Conjugation

Verb

خَشَّنَ (ḵaššana) II, non-past يُخَشِّنُ‎ (yuḵaššinu)

  1. to make coarse, to render rough

Conjugation

Adjective

خَشِن (ḵašin) (feminine خَشِنَة (ḵašina), common plural خِشَان (ḵišān), elative أَخْشَن (ʔaḵšan))

  1. rough (not smooth), hard to the touch; coarse (not fine)
    Antonym: نَاعِم (nāʕim)
    • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام‎ [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām], José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 29, Art. 15, pages 386–387:
      والشكوس قال أبو الخير وغيره هو الورد الفحصيّ وقيل البريّ وهو نوعان أحدهما يسمّى بالعجميّة الرحبل ورقه في قدر ورق الزيتون وأطول وأعرض أغبر أحرش وأغصانه خشنة صلبة إلى البياض ما هي تطلع في زمن الربيع نوره كالورد حمراء فائتة وفي وسطها صفرة وهذا هو المسمّى الورد الفحصيّ ويقال إن الورد إن ركب فيه فينجب والنوع الثاني من الشكوس ورقه أصغر من ورق الأول وأشدّ خضرة وهو أحرش بين الاستدار والطول وأغضانه إلى الحمراء ما هي تطلع وردا أبيضا ناصعة في وسطها وكلاهما لاحق بالأشجار.
      And the rockrose, say Abū al-Ḵayr and others, is the field rose, and also the land rose, it is said, and there are two kinds: One is called in Berber raḥbal and its leaves are of the dimensions of the leaves of the olive but longer and wider, more gray and rugged, and its branches are rough, stiff and lean into white, and in spring it blossoms in roses of a red hue you almost miss, and in their mid there is yellow and this is called field rose, and it is said that if a rose is grafted onto it it will prevail. The second kind of rockrose has smaller leaves than the first, of a more intense green, and it is more rugged around and along, and its branches lean into red and spawn white roses, vivid in the middle. And both liaise with trees.
  2. rude, uncouth, rough of manners
    Synonyms: شَدِيد (šadīd), غَلِيظ (ḡalīẓ), عَنِيف (ʕanīf)
    Antonyms: لَيِّن (layyin), رَفِيق (rafīq), لَطِيف (laṭīf)
  3. tough (life)
  4. hoarse, gruff, raspy, gravelly
    Antonym: نَاعِم (nāʕim)

Declension

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَشِن (ḵašin).

Adjective

خشن (xašen)

  1. rough, rude, coarse, harsh
    Synonyms: جنگره (jangara), تندخو (tond-xu), زمخت (zomoxt)
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