علم

See also: غلم and ع ل م

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root ع ل م (ʕ-l-m).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕa.li.ma/

Verb

عَلِمَ (ʕalima) I, non-past يَعْلَمُ‎ (yaʕlamu)

  1. (transitive) to know, to have knowledge, to be cognizant, to be aware
  2. to be informed, to be familiar, to be acquainted
  3. to perceive, to discern, to find out, to learn
Conjugation

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕal.la.ma/

Verb

عَلَّمَ (ʕallama) II, non-past يُعَلِّمُ‎ (yuʕallimu)

  1. (ditransitive) to teach, to instruct, to train, to educate
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 26:49:
      إِنَّهُ لَكَبِيرُكُمُ الَّذِي عَلَّمَكُمُ السِّحْرَ فَلَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ
      ʔinnahu lakabīrukumu allaḏī ʕallamakumu as-siḥra falasawfa taʕlamūna
      He is indeed your chief who has taught you magic! Soon you will know!
  2. (transitive) to designate, to mark, to earmark
Conjugation

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕilm/
  • (file)

Noun

عِلْم (ʕilm) m (plural عُلُوم (ʕulūm))

  1. verbal noun of عَلِمَ (ʕalima) (form I)
  2. knowledge, learning, lore
  3. cognition, acquaintance
  4. information
  5. perception, knowledge
  6. (plural عُلُوم (ʕulūm)) science
    الْعُلُوم
    al-ʕulūm
    the natural sciences
Declension
Descendants
  • Bengali: এলেম (elem)
  • Nogai: илми (ilmi)
  • Ottoman Turkish: عالم (ʿilm, ʿilim)
    > Turkish: ilim (inherited)
  • Tatar: гыйлем (ğıylem)
  • Persian: علم ('elm)
  • Urdu: علم ('elm)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕa.lam/

Noun

عَلَم (ʕalam) m (plural أَعْلَام (ʔaʕlām))

  1. sign, token, mark, badge
  2. harelip
  3. road sign, guidepost
  4. flag, banner
  5. authority, luminary, star, personage, distinguished man
  6. a mountain
    أَشْهَرُ مِنْ نَارٍ عَلَى عَلَمʔašharu min nārin ʕalā ʕalamvery famous (literally, “more famous than a fire on a mountain”)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 42:32:
      وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ ٱلْجَوَارِ فِي ٱلْبَحْرِ كَٱلْأَعْلَامِ
      wamin ʔāyātihi l-jawāri fī l-baḥri kal-ʔaʕlāmi
      (please add an English translation of this quote)
  7. (grammar, linguistics) proper noun
Declension
Descendants
  • Ottoman Turkish: عالم (ʿalam, ʿalem)
    > Turkish: alem (inherited)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕaː.lam/

Noun

عٰلَم (ʕālam) m

  1. Classical Arabic form of عَالَم (ʕālam)

References

  • Wehr, Hans (1979), علم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

Pronunciation

(phonemic)

(phonetic)

Noun

Dari علم
Iranian Persian
Tajik илм (ilm)

علم ('elm) (plural علوم ('olum))

  1. science (knowledge via the scientific method)
  2. knowledge, science
    Synonym: دانش (dâneš)
Derived terms
  • شبه‌علم (šabe'elmi, pseudoscience)
  • علمی ('elmi, scientific)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

  • (Tajik) IPA(key): /aˈlam/

Noun

علم ('alam) (plural علم‌ها ('alam-hâ))

  1. flag
  2. standard (flag)
  3. banner
Synonyms

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ع ل م

Etymology 1

From Arabic عَلَّمَ (ʕallama).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕal.lam/, [ˈʕal.lam]
  • (file)

Verb

علّم (ʕallam) (form II, present بعلّم (biʕallem))

  1. to teach
Conjugation
    Conjugation of علّم (ʕallam)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m علّمت (ʕallamt) علّمت (ʕallamt) علّم (ʕallam) علّمنا (ʕallamna) علّمتو (ʕallamtu) علّمو (ʕallamu)
f علّمتي (ʕallamti) علّمت (ʕallamat)
present m بعلّم (baʕallem) بتعلّم (bitʕallem) بعلّم (biʕallem) منعلّم (minʕallem) بتعلّمو (bitʕallmu) بعلّمو (biʕallmu)
f بتعلّمي (bitʕallmi) بتعلّم (bitʕallem)
subjunctive m اعلّم (aʕallem) تعلّم (tʕallem) يعلّم (yʕallem) نعلّم (nʕallem) تعلّمو (tʕallmu) يعلّمو (yʕallmu)
f تعلّمي (tʕallmi) تعلّم (tʕallem)
imperative m علّم (ʕallem) علّمو (ʕallmu)
f علّمي (ʕallmi)

Etymology 2

From Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕilm/, [ˈʕɪ.l(ɪ)m]
  • (file)

Noun

علم (ʕilm) m (plural علوم (ʕulūm))

  1. knowledge, science
    Synonym: معرفة (maʕrife)
    على علميʕala ʕilmias far as I know

Etymology 3

From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕa.lam/, [ˈʕa.lam]
  • (file)

Noun

علم (ʕalam) m (plural أعلام (ʾaʕlām))

  1. flag

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

Pronunciation

Noun

علم ('ilm) m (Hindi spelling इल्म)

  1. knowledge, learning
  2. literature

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

Noun

علم ('alam) m (Hindi spelling अलम)

  1. mark, sign, decoration
  2. spear
  3. (geometry) gnomon
  4. (grammar) proper noun
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