گل
Bakhtiari
Etymology
Cognate with Southern Kurdish گل (gil), Southwestern Fars گل, Persian گله.
Suffix
گل (gel)
- A suffix forming the plural of an animate noun.
- کرگل مین هونه بین
- korgel meīne howne bīn
- The boys were in the house
Khalaj
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | گل | گللار |
genitive | گلۇین | گللارؽین |
dative | گلقا | گللارقا |
definite accusative | گلۇ | گللارؽ |
locative | گلچا | گللارچا |
ablative | گلدا | گللاردا |
instrumental | گللا | گللارلا |
equative | گلوارا | گللاروارا |
quantitative | گلقَدَر | گللارقَدَر |
Laki
Mazanderani
Etymology 2
From Persian. Displaced native Old Mazanderani ول (*vel).
Ottoman Turkish
Alternative forms
- كل
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian گل (gul), from late Middle Persian gwl (gul), from Old Persian *vr̥da-, from Proto-Iranian *wṛda-.
References
- Kélékian, Diran (1911), “كل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1032
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “كل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1559
Persian
Etymology 1

From late Middle Persian gwl (gul, “rose, flower”), from Old Persian *vr̥da- (compare to Old Armenian վարդ (vard) borrowed from Iranian and possibly also borrowed in Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”) (see there for further information), which yielded English rose), from Proto-Iranian *wṛda- (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (varəδa), Sogdian [Term?] (/ward/), Parthian [Manichaean needed] (wʾr /wār/)), Talysh ول (vel), from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”) (compare Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”), Latin rubus (“bramble”), Old English word (“thornbush”)). Ultimately probably from Proto-Indo-European *Hwerdʰ- (“to grow (large/strong)”) (attested only in Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwardʰ- (“to grow”)).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ɡul/
- (Dari Persian) IPA(key): /ɡʊl/
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): /ɡol/
- (Tajik) IPA(key): /ɡul/
Noun
Dari | گُل |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | гул (gul) |
گل • (gol) (plural گُلها)
- (archaic, literary) rose
- 940-1020, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
- زن شیر از آن نامه شهریار
چو رخشنده گل شد به وقت بهار- zan-i šêr az ân nâma-i šahryâr
ču raxšanda-gul šud ba vaqt-i bahâr - (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- zan-i šêr az ân nâma-i šahryâr
- 1325–1389, Hafez, Divan
- صبحدم مرغ سحر با گل نوخاسته گفت
ناز کم کن که در این باغ بسی چون تو شکفت- classical persian: subhdam murğ-i sahar bâ gul-i naw-xâsta guft
nâz kam kun ki dar în bâğ basê čun tu šikuft
modern persian: subhdam morğ-e sahar bâ gol-e now-xâste goft
nâz kam kon keh dar in bâğ basi čon to šekoft - (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- classical persian: subhdam murğ-i sahar bâ gul-i naw-xâsta guft
- 940-1020, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
- flower
- the core of a watermelon (which is the sweetest part)
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Arabic: جُلّ (jull)
- → Mandaic: ࡂࡅࡋ
- → Azerbaijani: gül
- → Bashkir: гөл (göl)
- → Bengali: গুল (gul)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kashmiri: गुल (gul)
- → Kazakh: гүл (gül)
- → Kyrgyz: гүл (gül)
- → Ottoman Turkish: گل (gül), كل
- → Pashto: ګل (gul)
- → Punjabi: ਗੁਲ (gul) / گل (gul)
- → Sindhi: گل (gulu)
- → Turkmen: gül
- → Uyghur: گۈل (gül)
- → Uzbek: gul
Etymology 2
From Middle Persian TYNA / gl (gil).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ɡil/
- (Dari Persian) IPA(key): /ɡɪl/
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): /ɡel/
- (Tajik) IPA(key): /ɡil/
Derived terms
- کاهگلی (kâh-geli)
- کاهگل (kâh-gel)
- گل لگد کردن (gel lagad kardan)
- گل و لای (gel-o-lây)
- گلی (geli)
- گلآلود (gel-âlud)
- گلمالی (gel-mâli)
References
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “gil”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 36
Derived terms
- پرگل (por-gol)
- گل خوردن (gol xordan)
- گل زدن (gol zadan)
- گل کوچیک (gol kučik)
- گلزن (gol-zan)
- گلنزن (gol-nazan)
Punjabi
Urdu
Etymology 2
From Sanskrit गल् (gal).
Etymology 3
Borrowed from Classical Persian گل (gil).
Etymology 4
Borrowed from Classical Persian گل (gul).