क्षम्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • ᬓ᭄ᬱᬫ᭄ (Balinese script)
  • ক্ষম্ (Assamese script)
  • ক্ষম্ (Bengali script)
  • 𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰦𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀫𑁆 (Brahmi script)
  • 𑌕𑍍𑌷𑌮𑍍 (Grantha script)
  • ક્ષમ્ (Gujarati script)
  • ਕੑਸ਼ਮੑ (Gurmukhi script)
  • ꦏ꧀ꦰꦩ꧀ (Javanese script)
  • ក្ឞម៑ (Khmer script)
  • ಕ್ಷಮ್ (Kannada script)
  • ກ຺ຩມ຺ (Lao script)
  • ക്ഷമ് (Malayalam script)
  • 𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘦𑘿 (Modi script)
  • ᢉᢔᠠᠮ (Mongolian script)
  • ᡬᢢᠠᠮ (Manchu script)
  • က္ၑမ် (Burmese script)
  • 𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧆𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐩𑑂 (Newa script)
  • କ୍ଷମ୍ (Oriya script)
  • ꢒ꣄ꢰꢪ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆩𑇀 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖦𑖿 (Siddham script)
  • ක්ෂම් (Sinhalese script)
  • క్షమ్ (Telugu script)
  • กฺษมฺ (Thai script)
  • ཀྵ་མ྄ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒧𑓂 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ḍẓʰáHs, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰžʰáHs, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰḿ̥h₂s. Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬨‎ (zam), Latin humus, the source of English human; Ancient Greek χθών (khthṓn), Persian زمین‎ (zamin), Russian земля (zemlja).

Pronunciation

Noun

क्षम् • (kṣám) f

  1. ground, earth
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.46.6:
      कृ॒ष्णा रजां॑सि पत्सु॒तः प्र॒याणे॑ जा॒तवे॑दसः ।
      अ॒ग्निर्यद्रोध॑ति॒ क्षमि॑ ॥
      kṛṣṇā́ rájāṃsi patsutáḥ prayā́ṇe jātávedasaḥ.
      agníryádródhati kṣámi.
      As Jātavedas speeds along, the dust is black beneath his feet,
      When Agni spreads upon the earth.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:भू
Declension
Declension of क्षम्
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative क्षाः (kṣā́ḥ) क्षामा (kṣā́mā) क्षामः (kṣāmaḥ)/क्षाः (kṣā́ḥ)
Accusative क्षाम् (kṣā́m) - क्षाः (kṣā́ḥ)
Instrumental क्षमा (kṣamā́)/ज्मा (jmā́) - -
Dative क्षे (kṣe) - -
Ablative ग्मः (gmáḥ)/ज्मः (jmáḥ)/क्ष्मः (kṣmáḥ) - -
Genitive ग्मः (gmáḥ)/ज्मः (jmáḥ)/क्ष्मः (kṣmáḥ) - -
Locative क्षमि (kṣámi) - क्षासु (kṣā́su)
Descendants
  • Kalasha: čhom
  • → Telugu: క్షమ (kṣama)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšamH- (“to bear, to endure”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰse-mH, metathesized form of *segʷʰ- (“to be strong”), whence also सघ्नोति (saghnóti) and possibly Ancient Greek σθένος (sthénos). Cognate with Avestan 𐬑𐬴𐬄𐬥𐬨𐬇𐬥𐬉‎ (xṣ̌ąnmə̄nē, “to be contented, to resign oneself to”). Also related to Pashto زغمل‎ (zğëmël, “to endure, to tolerate, to go through”), which is from a Proto-Indo-Iranian *zgʰamH- which did not undergo metathesis.

Root

क्षम् • (kṣam)

  1. to submit; endure, suffer
  2. pardon, forgive
  3. resist
Derived terms
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