देव
Awadhi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit देव (devá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god, the celestial one”).
Hindi
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Sanskrit देव (deva), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god, the celestial one”).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /d̪eːʋ/
Noun
देव • (dev) m (Urdu spelling دیو)
Usage notes
The use of देव (dev) is generally restricted to compound words and proper names (रामदेव (rāmdev), हरदेव (hardev), etc.)
Declension
Declension of देव (masc cons-stem)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | देव dev |
देव dev |
| oblique | देव dev |
देवों devõ |
| vocative | देव dev |
देवो devo |
Derived terms
- देवकन्या (devkanyā, “nymph, celestial maiden”)
- देवकार्य (devkārya, “religious rite for propitiating a deity”)
- देवकुल (devkul, “pantheon”)
- देवगृह (devgŕh, “temple, abode of a deity”)
- देवता (devtā)
- देवत्रिय (devatriy, “the Holy Trinity of Vishnu, Brahma, and Shiva”)
- देवदूत (devdūt, “angel, divine messenger”)
Related terms
- देवी (devī)
Declension
Declension of देव (masc cons-stem)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | देव dev |
देव dev |
| oblique | देव dev |
देवों devõ |
| vocative | देव dev |
देवो devo |
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Classical Persian دیو (dēw).
Declension
Declension of देव (masc cons-stem)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | देव dev |
देव dev |
| oblique | देव dev |
देवों devõ |
| vocative | देव dev |
देवो devo |
References
- Bahri, Hardev (1989), “देव”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “देव”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “देव”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “dēvá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit देव (deva), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god, the celestial one”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d̪eʋ/
Declension
| Declension of देव (dev) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
देव dev | ||
| direct plural |
देव dev | ||
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | देव dev |
देव dev | |
| oblique | देवा- devā- |
देवां- devāN- | |
| dative | देवाला devālā |
देवांना devāNnā | |
| ergative | देवाने devāne |
देवांनी devāNni | |
| instrumental | देवाशी devāśi |
देवांशी devāNśi | |
| locative | देवात devāt |
देवांत devāNt | |
| vocative | देवा devā |
देवांनो devāNno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Dative Note: -स (-sa) is archaic. -ते (-te) is limited to literary usage. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of देव | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object | feminine object | neuter object | oblique | |||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular* | plural | |||
| singular subject | देवाचा devāċā |
देवाचे devāce |
देवाची devāci |
देवाच्या devāca |
देवाचे, देवाचं devāce, devāċa |
देवाची devāci |
देवाच्या devāca | |
| plural subject | देवांचा devāNċā |
देवांचे devāNce |
देवांची devāNci |
देवांच्या devāNca |
देवांचे, देवांचं devāNce, devāNċa |
देवांची devāNci |
देवांच्या devāNca | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Related terms
- देवी (devī)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine, “देव”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “देव”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911), “देव”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
Old Gujarati
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit देव (devá); from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god, the celestial one”).
Pali
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *daywás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god, the celestial one”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daēuua), Classical Persian دیو (dēv), Latin deus, divus.
Declension
Declension table of "देव" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | देवो (devo) | देवा (devā) |
| Accusative (second) | देवं (devaṃ) | देवे (deve) |
| Instrumental (third) | देवेन (devena) | देवेहि (devehi) or देवेभि (devebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | देवस्स (devassa) or देवाय (devāya) or देवत्थं (devatthaṃ) | देवानं (devānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | देवस्मा (devasmā) or देवम्हा (devamhā) or देवा (devā) | देवेहि (devehi) or देवेभि (devebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | देवस्स (devassa) | देवानं (devānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | देवस्मिं (devasmiṃ) or देवम्हि (devamhi) or देवे (deve) | देवेसु (devesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | देव (deva) | देवा (devā) |
Rajasthani
Related terms
- देवरौ (devrau)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬤᬾᬯ (Balinese script)
- দেৱ (Assamese script)
- দেব (Bengali script)
- 𑰟𑰸𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀤𑁂𑀯 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌦𑍇𑌵 (Grantha script)
- દેવ (Gujarati script)
- ਦੇਵ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦢꦺꦮ (Javanese script)
- ទេវ (Khmer script)
- ದೇವ (Kannada script)
- ເທວ (Lao script)
- ദേവ (Malayalam script)
- 𑘟𑘹𑘪 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠧᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᡩᡝᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
- ဒေဝ (Burmese script)
- 𑦿𑧚𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐡𑐾𑐰 (Newa script)
- ଦେଵ (Oriya script)
- ꢣꢾꢮ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆢𑆼𑆮 (Sharada script)
- 𑖟𑖸𑖪 (Siddham script)
- දේව (Sinhalese script)
- దేవ (Telugu script)
- เทว (Thai script)
- དེ་ཝ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒠𑒹𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *daywás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god, the celestial one”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daēuua), Classical Persian دیو (dēv), Latin deus, divus.
Adjective
देव • (devá) (Vedic daivá)
Noun
देव • (devá) m (Vedic daivá)
- deity, god, the gods as the heavenly or shining ones, often reckoned as numbering 33, either 11 for each of the 3 worlds, or or 8 vasus, 11 rudras, and 12 ādityas, to which the 2 aśvins must be added. (Rigvedic, also accented déva according to Panini 3.3.120)
- Yāska, Nirukta 7.15:[1], [2]
- devo dānādvā dīpanādvā dyotanādvā dyusthāno bhavatīti vā yo devaḥ sā devatā
- 1967 translation by Sarup, Lakshman
- Deva (god) is (so called) from making gifts (√dā) or from being brilliant (√dip), from being radiant (√dyut), or because his sphere is heaven. He who is called god (deva) is also called deity (devatā).
- 1967 translation by Sarup, Lakshman
- devo dānādvā dīpanādvā dyotanādvā dyusthāno bhavatīti vā yo devaḥ sā devatā
- rarely also of evil demons (Atharvaveda, Taittiriya Samhita)
- name of Indra as the god of the sky and giver of rain (Epics)
- the image of a god, an idol (Vishnu-Smriti)
- a god on earth or among men, either Brahman, priest or king, prince, as a title of honour, especially in the vocative "your majesty" or " your honour" (Rigvedic)
- name of the number 33 (Gaṇitādhyāya)
- as a given name, Diminutive of देवदत्त (devadatta) (Panini 5.3.83)
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of देव (devá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | देवः deváḥ |
देवौ devaú |
देवाः / देवासः¹ devā́ḥ / devā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | देव déva |
देवौ dévau |
देवाः / देवासः¹ dévāḥ / dévāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | देवम् devám |
देवौ devaú |
देवान् devā́n |
| Instrumental | देवेन devéna |
देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām |
देवैः / देवेभिः¹ devaíḥ / devébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | देवाय devā́ya |
देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām |
देवेभ्यः devébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | देवात् devā́t |
देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām |
देवेभ्यः devébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | देवस्य devásya |
देवयोः deváyoḥ |
देवानाम् devā́nām |
| Locative | देवे devé |
देवयोः deváyoḥ |
देवेषु devéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
- देवता (devatā)
- देवसभा (devasabhā)
Descendants
- Pali: deva (see there for further descendants)
Terms inherited from Prakrit 𑀤𑁂𑀯 (deva)
- Borrowings
- → Proto-Nuristani:
- Waigali: [script needed] (dē, “god, oath”)
- → Assamese: দেৱ (dew)
- → Awadhi: देव (dev)
- → English: deva
- → Hindi: देव (dev)
- → Old Gujarati: देव (deva)
- → Kannada: ದೇವ (dēva)
- → Kashmiri: دیو (dev)
- → Malay: dewa
- → Marathi: देव (dev)
- → Oriya: ଦେବ (debô)
- → Punjabi: ਦੇਵ (dev)
- → Rajasthani: देव
- → Kalasha: [script needed] (dewa, “god”)
- → Tamil: தேவன் (tēvaṉ)
- → Telugu: దేవుడు (dēvuḍu)
References
- Sarup, Lakshman. The Nighantu and the Nirukta, the oldest Indian treatise on etymology, philology and sementics [sic]. Delhi Motilal Banarsidass (1967).
- Corno, Stefano, „Denn die Götter lieben das Verborgene“ parókṣa-Etymologien als Zeichen einer gespaltenen Realität. with further references, in: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft, 32 (2022), 1-15, (ed.) Haßler, G., Rüter, A. Münster: Nodus Publikationen. →ISSN.
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “देव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 492.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.