निद्रा

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā). Doublet of नींद (nīnd).

Noun

निद्रा • (nidrā) f

sleep, drowsiness
Synonym: नींद (nīnd)

Declension

Declension of निद्रा (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	निद्रा nidrā	निद्राएँ nidrāẽ
oblique	निद्रा nidrā	निद्राओं nidrāõ
vocative	निद्रा nidrā	निद्राओ nidrāo

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā). Doublet of नीद (nīd). Cognate with Hindi निद्रा (nidrā).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /nid̪.ɾa/

Noun

निद्रा • (nidrā) f

sleep, drowsiness
Synonym: झोप (jhop) (more common)

Declension

Declension of निद्रा (nidrā)
direct singular	निद्रा nidrā
direct plural	निद्रा nidrā
	singular	plural
nominative	निद्रा nidrā	निद्रा nidrā
oblique	निद्रे- nidre-	निद्रां- nidrāN-
dative	निद्रेला nidrelā	निद्रांना nidrāNnā
ergative	निद्रेने nidrene	निद्रांनी nidrāNni
instrumental	निद्रेशी nidreśi	निद्रांशी nidrāNśi
locative	निद्रेत nidret	निद्रांत nidrāNt
vocative	निद्रे nidre	निद्रांनो nidrāNno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Dative Note: -स (-sa) is archaic. -ते (-te) is limited to literary usage. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of निद्रा
	masculine object		feminine object		neuter object		oblique
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular^*	plural
singular subject	निद्रेचा nidreċā	निद्रेचे nidrece	निद्रेची nidreci	निद्रेच्या nidreca	निद्रेचे, निद्रेचं nidrece, nidreċa	निद्रेची nidreci	निद्रेच्या nidreca
plural subject	निद्रांचा nidrāNċā	निद्रांचे nidrāNce	निद्रांची nidrāNci	निद्रांच्या nidrāNca	निद्रांचे, निद्रांचं nidrāNce, nidrāNċa	निद्रांची nidrāNci	निद्रांच्या nidrāNca
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “निद्रा”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Tulpule, Shankar Gopal; Feldhaus, Anne, “”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1999.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “nidrāˊ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Nepali

Alternative forms

निन्द्रा (nindrā)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā). Doublet of नीद (nīd).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [nid̪rä]

Phonetic Devanagari: निद्रा

Noun

निद्रा • (nidrā) f

sleep
Synonym: नीद (nīd)

References

“निद्रा”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (Nepālī Br̥hat Śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993), “निद्रा”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

ᬦᬶᬤ᭄ᬭᬵ (Balinese script)
নিদ্ৰা (Assamese script)
নিদ্রা (Bengali script)
𑰡𑰰𑰟𑰿𑰨𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀦𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀭𑀸 (Brahmi script)
𑌨𑌿𑌦𑍍𑌰𑌾 (Grantha script)
નિદ્રા (Gujarati script)
ਨਿਦੑਰਾ (Gurmukhi script)
ꦤꦶꦢꦿꦴ (Javanese script)
និទ្រា (Khmer script)
ನಿದ್ರಾ (Kannada script)
ນິທ຺ຣາ (Lao script)
നിദ്രാ (Malayalam script)
𑘡𑘱𑘟𑘿𑘨𑘰 (Modi script)
ᠨᢈᢑᠷᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
ᠨᡳᡩᡵᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
နိဒြာ (Burmese script)
𑧁𑧒𑦿𑧠𑧈𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
𑐣𑐶𑐡𑑂𑐬𑐵 (Newa script)
ନିଦ୍ରା (Oriya script)
ꢥꢶꢣ꣄ꢬꢵ (Saurashtra script)
𑆤𑆴𑆢𑇀𑆫𑆳 (Sharada script)
𑖡𑖰𑖟𑖿𑖨𑖯 (Siddham script)
නිද්රා (Sinhalese script)
నిద్రా (Telugu script)
นิทฺรา (Thai script)
ནི་དྲཱ (Tibetan script)
𑒢𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒩𑒰 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HnidráH (“sleep”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ni-drm̥-éh₂, from *h₁ni (“down”) + *drem- (“to sleep”). Compare Old Armenian նիրհ (nirh) (a borrowing from Iranian), Ancient Greek δαρθάνω (darthánō), Latin dormiō. See also नि (ní) and द्रायति (drā́yati).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /nid.ɾɑ́ː/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈn̪id̪.ɾɑː/

Noun

निद्रा • (nidrā́) f

sleep, slumber
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.48.14:
  त्रातारो देवा अधि वोचता नो मा नो निद्रा ईशत मोत जल्पिः।
  वयं सोमस्य विश्वह प्रियासः सुवीरासो विदथमा वदेम॥
  trātāro devā adhi vocatā no mā no nidrā īśata mota jalpiḥ.
  vayaṃ somasya viśvaha priyāsaḥ suvīrāso vidathamā vadema.
  Give us your blessing, O ye Gods’ preservers. Never may sleep or idle talk control us.
  But evermore may we, as friends of Soma, speak to the synod with brave sons around us.

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of निद्रा (nidrā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	निद्रा nidrā́	निद्रे nidré	निद्राः nidrā́ḥ
Vocative	निद्रे nídre	निद्रे nídre	निद्राः nídrāḥ
Accusative	निद्राम् nidrā́m	निद्रे nidré	निद्राः nidrā́ḥ
Instrumental	निद्रया / निद्रा¹ nidráyā / nidrā́¹	निद्राभ्याम् nidrā́bhyām	निद्राभिः nidrā́bhiḥ
Dative	निद्रायै nidrā́yai	निद्राभ्याम् nidrā́bhyām	निद्राभ्यः nidrā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	निद्रायाः nidrā́yāḥ	निद्राभ्याम् nidrā́bhyām	निद्राभ्यः nidrā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	निद्रायाः nidrā́yāḥ	निद्रयोः nidráyoḥ	निद्राणाम् nidrā́ṇām
Locative	निद्रायाम् nidrā́yām	निद्रयोः nidráyoḥ	निद्रासु nidrā́su
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

→Tatsama:
Bengali: নিদ্রা (nidra)
Hindi: निद्रा (nidrā)
Kannada: ನಿದ್ರೆ (nidre)
Marathi: निद्रा (nidrā)
Tamil: நித்திரை (nittirai)
Telugu: నిద్ర (nidra)
Dardic:
- Torwali: نین‎ (nīn)
Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: निद् (nid), निन् (nin)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (ṇiddā)
- Konkani: न्हीद (nhīd)
- Old Marathi: नीद (nīda)
  - Marathi: नीद (nīd)
Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: ਨੀਂਦ (nīnd), ਨੀਦ (nīd), ਨੀਂਦਰ (nīndar)
Pali: niddā
- → Kannada: ನಿದ್ದೆ (nidde)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (ṇiddā), *𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀭 (*ṇiddara)
- Gujarati: નીંદર (nī̃dar)
- Hindi: नींद (nīnd), नीद (nīd)
→ Thai: นิทรา (nít-traa)

Root

निद्रा • (nidrā)

to sleep

Derived terms

निद्राति (nidrāti)
निद्रायति (nidrāyati)
निद्रायते (nidrāyate)

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