なり

Japanese

Etymology 1
Alternative spellings
也 (terminal form)
𬼂 (terminal form, cursive, obsolete)
𬻿 (terminal form, cursive, obsolete)

/ni ari/ → /nari/

Contraction of older に (ni, case particle) +‎ あり (ari, “to be, to exist”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [na̠ɾʲi]

Verb

なり • (nari) 

  1. (Classical Japanese or literary) the classical copula “to be”, equivalent to modern Japanese である (de aru) or だ (da), or adjective particle な (na)
    偉(い)大(だい)なる我(わ)が祖(そ)国(こく)
    idai naru waga sokoku
    our glorious motherland
Usage notes
  • Attaches to a nominal or the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of declinables.
  • The 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) of the copula can be spelled in kanji as 也, 𬼂 or 𬻿.
  • The kanji form is usually used to denote a sum of money, e.g. 二千円也 (nisen en nari).
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) ならnara
Continuative (連用形) に[1]
なり[2]		ni
nari
Terminal (終止形) なりnari
Attributive (連体形) なるnaru
Realis (已然形) なれnare
Imperative (命令形) なれnare
Key constructions
Negative ならずnarazu
Contrasting conjunction なれどnaredo
Causal conjunction なればnareba
Conditional conjunction ならばnaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) なりきnariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) なりけりnarikeri
Adverbial にni
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) of the classical auxiliary verb なり.

Particle

なり • (nari) 

  1. Used when giving an example, without the implication that it might be the best or the only option
    労(ろう)働(どう)局(きょく)になり相(そう)談(だん)したらどうですか？
    Rōdōkyoku ni nari sōdan shitara dō desu ka?
    What about consulting, for example, the Labor Bureau?
  2. ... or ...
    楽(らく)天(てん)なりどこなりで買(か)い物(もの)をする
    Rakuten nari doko nari de kaimono o suru
    to shop at Rakuten or somewhere
Derived terms

Etymology 3

From なり (形, 態, nari).

Particle

なり • (nari) 

  1. (after a verb in the dictionary form) ... as soon as ...
    幼(よう)稚(ち)園(えん)から帰(かえ)るなり、母(はは)に抱(だ)きついてきました。
    Yōchien kara kaeru nari, haha ni dakitsuite kimashita.
    As soon as she returned from kindergarten; she clung to her mom.
  2. (after a verb in the past tense ～た) ... while ...
    着(き)たなり脱(ぬ)ごうとしません
    kita nari nugō to shimasen
    [it's so comfortable that] She doesn't want to take it off while wearing it
Synonyms

Etymology 4

Reading of various words.

Noun

なり • (nari) 

  1. 形, 態: clothing; appearance; shape; form
  2. 業: occupation
  3. 生り: bearing (of fruits)
  4. 成り, 為り: (shogi) promotion
  5. 鳴り: ringing

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
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