乞食

Chinese
beg
 
eat; food; to feed
eat; food; to feed; animal feed
trad. (乞食) 乞 食
simp. #(乞食) 乞 食

Pronunciation

Verb

乞⫽食 (verb-object)

  1. (literary or Cantonese) to beg for food

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 要飯 (“to beg for food”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 乞食
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 討飯, 要飯
Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 要飯
Xi'an 要飯
Wuhan 討米
Cantonese Guangzhou 乞食
Hong Kong 乞食
Taishan 乞米
Kaiping (Chikan) 乞米
Gan Nanchang 討飯
Hakka Meixian 討食
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 乞食, 討食
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 乞食, 討食
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 乞食, 討食
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 乞食, 討食
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 乞食, 討食
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 乞食, 討食
Huizhou Jixi 討飯
Min Dong Fuzhou 討食
Min Nan Xiamen 討食
Quanzhou 討食
Zhangzhou 討食
Jieyang 討食
Leizhou 討米
Wu Shanghai 討飯
Wenzhou 討飯, 搝米
Jinhua 討飯
Xiang Changsha 討米
Loudi 討米

Derived terms
  • 乞食飯牛／乞食饭牛
  • 忠忠直直，終需乞食／忠忠直直，终需乞食

Noun

乞食

  1. (dialectal Hakka, Min) beggar

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 乞丐 (“beggar”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 乞人, 乞丐, 乞兒, 丐者, 丐
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 乞丐
Mandarin Beijing 要飯的, 要飯兒的, 老花子, 叫花子, 看街的, 抱火盆兒的
Taiwan 乞丐
Langfang 要飯的
Tangshan 花子
Cangzhou 要飯的
Baoding 要飯的
Shijiazhuang 要飯的
Daming 要飯吃哩
Ulanhot 要飯的, 要飯花子
Tongliao 要飯的
Chifeng 要飯的
Bayanhot 討吃, 要飯的
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 要飯的
Harbin 叫花子, 要飯花子
Yantai (Muping) 要飯兒的, 叫花子, 要飯的, 花子
Jinan 要飯的, 叫花子
Luoyang 叫花子, 要飯吃的, 靠門傍子
Wanrong 要飯的, 尋饃的
Zhengzhou 要飯哩
Xi'an 要飯的, 叫花子
Yinchuan 討吃
Lanzhou 要飯的, 要要吃
Xining 尋口, 要饃饃的
Ürümqi 要飯的
Wuhan 告花子, 花子, 討飯的, 要飯的, 乞丐, 討米的, 睡門樓的
Huanggang 告殼子
Chengdu 叫花子, 討口子
Guiyang 叫化子
Kunming 花子, 叫花子, 要飯的
Liuzhou 討飯佬, 叫化子, 叫化
Xuzhou 要飯的
Yangzhou 花子, 要飯花子, 要飯的, 告花子
Xinghua 花子, 要飯的, 討飯的
Nanjing 花子, 要飯花子, 要飯的
Hefei 要飯的, 叫花子
Nantong 告花子, 討飯子
Changle (Qinjiang) 化子
Yanping 叫化子
Singapore 乞丐
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 抄花子, 討吃, 要乜貼的, 要的吃的
Dagudi (Maliba) 叫花子
Reshuitang (Longling) 要飯人
Mae Salong (Lancang) 叫花子, 討飯人
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 要飯的, 叫花子
Cantonese Guangzhou 乞兒
Hong Kong 乞兒
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 乞兒
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 乞兒, 乞兒佬
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 攞食佬
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 攞食佬
Macau 乞兒
Guangzhou (Panyu) 乞兒
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 乞兒
Guangzhou (Conghua) 乞兒
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 乞食佬 male, 乞食婆 female, 乞食仔 young
Foshan 乞兒
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 乞兒
Foshan (Shunde) 乞兒
Foshan (Sanshui) 乞兒
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 乞兒
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 乞兒
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 乞兒
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 乞兒
Zhuhai (Doumen) 乞耳
Jiangmen (Baisha) 乞兒
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 乞兒
Taishan 乞米仔
Kaiping (Chikan) 乞米仔
Enping (Niujiang) 乞米仔
Heshan (Yayao) 乞兒
Dongguan 乞食佬 male, 乞食婆 female, 乞食仔 young
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 乞兒
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 攞食佬
Qingyuan 乞兒
Fogang 乞兒
Yingde (Hanguang) 架化佬
Yangshan 乞吃佬
Lianshan (Butian) 狗化佬
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 叫化佬
Shaoguan 乞兒
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 乞兒
Renhua 乞兒, 乞兒佬
Lechang 乞兒
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 乞兒
Sihui 乞兒佬
Guangning 乞兒
Deqing 乞兒
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 乞吃
Yunfu 乞兒
Xinxing 乞兒
Luoding 乞兒
Yunan (Pingtai) 乞兒
Yangjiang 乞兒, 乞米佬 male, 乞米婆 female
Xinyi 乞兒
Maoming (Xinpo) 乞兒
Lianjiang 乞兒
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 乞兒, 乞兒佬 male, 乞兒婆 female
Nanning 乞兒
Hepu (Lianzhou) 覓吃佬
Beihai 乞食佬
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 乞兒
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 乞兒
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 乞兒
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 乞兒
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 乞兒
Móng Cái 乞兒
Gan Nanchang 告化子, 討飯個
Pengze 討飯個
Lichuan 告化子, 乞兒
Pingxiang 告化子, 花子, 討米個
Hakka Meixian 告化仔, 討食個
Xingning 告化哩
Fengshun (Liuhuang) 乞食
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 攞食, 攞食佬 male, 攞食婆 female, 攞食仔 young
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 攞食佬
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 攞食
Huiyang 攞食
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 攞食仔
Huidong (Daling) 攞食
Dongguan (Qingxi) 攞食佬 male, 攞食婆 female, 攞食仔 young
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 乞食佬, 攞食
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 攞食佬
Boluo (Bendihua) 攞食伊, 攞食佬
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 攞食佬 male, 攞食婆 female, 攞食仔 young
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 乞兒
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 酌食哩, 乞丐
Wuhua (Huacheng) 告化哩, 酌食個, 絡食個
Wuhua (Changbu) 告化哩
Wuhua (Mianyang) 絡食哩
Wuhua (Meilin) 絡食哩
Heyuan (Bendihua) 攞食的, 攞食
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 攞食佬
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 告化佬
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 攞食哎
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 告化
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 攞食
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 叫化
Wengyuan 討食佬
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 告化子
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 叫化
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 攞食佬
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 狗化公
Liannan 攞食佬
Conghua (Lütian) 攞食佬
Jiexi 乞食
Luhe 乞食
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 乞食
Changting 告化子, 告化
Wuping 告化
Wuping (Yanqian) 討食告化
Wuping (Pingyu) 告化
Ninghua 乞食
Yudu 告化子
Ningdu 教化
Ruijin 告化
Shicheng 告化
Shangyou (Shexi) 告化子
Tonggu (Sandu) 教化子
Ganzhou (Panlong) 教化子
Dayu 討飯佬
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 乞食仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 乞食仔, 教化仔, 打幫仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 乞食仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 乞食, 仙人
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 乞食仔, 乞食
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 乞食
Hong Kong 攞食佬, 乞兒
Yangxi (Tangkou) 丐米佬
Yangchun (Sanjia) 丐食
Xinyi (Sihe) 乞兒
Xinyi (Qianpai) 乞兒
Gaozhou (Xindong) 乞兒佬
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 乞食佬
Huazhou (Xin'an) 乞兒
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 乞食佬
Lianjiang (Qingping) 乞食佬
Mengshan (Xihe) 乞兒
Luchuan 乞食佬
Sabah (Longchuan) 攞食佬
Senai (Huiyang) 攞食佬
Singkawang 乞食
Huizhou Jixi 討飯仂, 討飯佬 humorous, 討飯鬼 derogatory
Shexian 討飯唉
Tunxi 丐食, 討飯個
Xiuning 丐食, 討飯仂
Yixian 討飯漢
Qimen 討飯個
Wuyuan 討飯個, 討飯仂
Jin Taiyuan 討吃吃, 討吃子, 要飯的, 叫花子
Pingyao 叫花子
Xinzhou 討吃子, 要窩窩哩
Taibus (Baochang) 要飯的
Linhe 討吃子
Jining 討吃子
Hohhot 討吃子
Baotou 討吃子
Dongsheng 討吃子
Haibowan 討吃子
Zhangjiakou 乞丐
Handan 要飯哩
Min Bei Jian'ou 化食
Jian'ou (Dikou) 化食
Songxi 化食
Zhenghe 化食
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 化食
Jianyang 化食
Wuyishan 討飯
Pucheng (Shibei) 化食
Min Dong Fuzhou 乞食
Changle 乞食
Fuqing 乞食
Yongtai 乞食
Gutian 乞食
Pingnan 乞食
Fu'an 乞食
Ningde 乞食
Shouning 乞食
Zhouning 乞食
Fuding 乞食
Matsu 乞食
Min Nan Xiamen 乞食
Xiamen (Tong'an) 乞食
Quanzhou 乞食
Jinjiang 乞食, 分米的, 分食的
Hui'an 乞食
Yongchun 乞食
Zhangzhou 乞食
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 乞食
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 乞食
Zhangpu 乞食
Zhao'an 乞食
Dongshan 乞食
Taipei 乞食
New Taipei (Sanxia) 乞食
Kaohsiung 乞食
Yilan 乞食
Changhua (Lukang) 乞食
Taichung 乞食
Tainan 乞食
Hsinchu 乞食
Kinmen 乞食
Penghu (Magong) 乞食
Penang (Hokkien) 乞食, 乞食仔
Singapore (Hokkien) 乞食
Manila (Hokkien) 乞食
Longyan 乞食
Zhangping 乞食
Zhangping (Yongfu) 乞食
Datian 乞食
Pingnan (Shangdu) 乞兒
Chaozhou 乞食
Shantou 乞食
Shantou (Chenghai) 乞食
Jieyang 乞食
Haifeng 乞食
Fengshun (Liuhuang) 乞食
Bangkok (Teochew) 乞食
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 乞食
Leizhou 乞食
Wenchang 乞達
Haikou 乞達
Qionghai 乞達
Puxian Min Putian 乞食
Xianyou 乞食
Fuding (Aoyao) 乞食
Zhongshan Min Sanxiang 乞兒
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 救化子, 乞兒
Wu Shanghai 告花子, 癟三
Shanghai (Chongming) 掛花子
Suzhou 告花子, 癟三
Danyang 告花子, 告花嫚嫚
Hangzhou 叫花子, 討飯子
Ningbo 告花子, 討飯
Wenzhou 丐兒, 討飯丐兒, 討飯人, 取米丐兒, 取米個
Jinhua 討飯
Jinhua (Tangxi) 討飯老丐兒
Xiang Changsha 告化子, 討飯的
Xiangtan 告化子
Loudi 叫化子, 叫化
Shuangfeng 告化子
Quanzhou 乞丐

Derived terms
  • 死皇帝毋值得活乞食

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
乞 食
こ
Grade: S		 じき
Grade: 2
yutōyomi

Shift from kotsujiki below.[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) こじき​ [kòjíkíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [ko̞ʑikʲi]

Noun

乞(こ)食(じき) • (kojiki) ←こじき (koziki)?

  1. (derogatory) beggar
Derived terms
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)根(こん)性(じょう) (kojiki konjō)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)芝(しば)居(い) (kojiki shibai)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)袋(ぶくろ) (kojiki-bukuro)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)坊(ぼう)主(ず) (kojiki bōzu)
  • 乞(こ)食(じ)く (kojiku)
Idioms
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)が馬(うま)を貰(もら)う (kojiki ga uma o morau)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)が米(こめ)を零(こぼ)したよう (kojiki ga kome o koboshita yō)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)に氏(うじ)無(な)し (kojiki ni uji nashi)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)に朱(しゅ)椀(わん) (kojiki ni shuwan)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)に貧(びん)乏(ぼう)無(な)し (kojiki ni binbō nashi)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)にも門(かど)出(で) (kojiki ni mo kadode)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)の朝(あさ)謡(うたい) (kojiki no asautai)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)の系(けい)図(ず)話(ばなし) (kojiki no keizu banashi)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)の断(だん)食(じき) (kojiki no danjiki)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)の嫁(よめ)入(い)り (kojiki no yomeiri)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)も身(み)祝(いわ)い (kojiki mo mīwai)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)も三(みっ)日(か)すれば忘(わす)れられぬ (kojiki mo mikka sureba wasurerarenu)
  • 乞(こ)食(じき)も身(み)づくろい (kojiki mo mizukuroi)
  • 慌(あわ)てる乞(こ)食(じき)は貰(もら)いが少(すく)ない (awateru kojiki wa morai ga sukunai, “slow and steady wins the race”, literally “the impatient beggar receives little”).

Verb

乞(こ)食(じき)する • (kojiki suru) ←こじき (koziki)?intransitive suru (stem 乞(こ)食(じき)し (kojiki shi), past 乞(こ)食(じき)した (kojiki shita))

  1. to go begging
Conjugation
Conjugation of "乞食する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 乞食し こじきし kojiki shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 乞食し こじきし kojiki shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 乞食する こじきする kojiki suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 乞食する こじきする kojiki suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 乞食すれ こじきすれ kojiki sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 乞食せよ¹
乞食しろ²		 こじきせよ¹
こじきしろ²		 kojiki seyo¹
kojiki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 乞食される こじきされる kojiki sareru
Causative 乞食させる
乞食さす		 こじきさせる
こじきさす		 kojiki saseru
kojiki sasu
Potential 乞食できる こじきできる kojiki dekiru
Volitional 乞食しよう こじきしよう kojiki shiyō
Negative 乞食しない こじきしない kojiki shinai
Negative continuative 乞食せず こじきせず kojiki sezu
Formal 乞食します こじきします kojiki shimasu
Perfective 乞食した こじきした kojiki shita
Conjunctive 乞食して こじきして kojiki shite
Hypothetical conditional 乞食すれば こじきすれば kojiki sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
乞 食
こつ
Grade: S		 じき
Grade: 2
kan’yōon goon

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) こつじき [kòtsújíkí] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [ko̞t͡sɨᵝʑikʲi]

Noun

乞(こつ)食(じき) • (kotsujiki) ←こつじき (kotuziki)?

  1. (archaic) religious mendicancy
    Synonyms: 托鉢 (takuhatsu), 頭陀 (zuda), 行乞 (gyōkotsu)
  2. (archaic) Same as こじき above.
Derived terms
  • 乞(こつ)食(じき)調(ちょう) (kotsujikichō)
  • 乞(こつ)食(じき)法(ほう)師(し) (kotsujiki hōshi)
  • 乞(こつ)食(じき)坊(ぼう)主(ず) (kotsujiki bōzu)

Verb

乞(こつ)食(じき)する • (kotsujiki suru) ←こつじき (kotuziki)?intransitive suru (stem 乞(こつ)食(じき)し (kotsujiki shi), past 乞(こつ)食(じき)した (kotsujiki shita))

  1. (archaic) to beg as a religious mendicant
    Synonym: 托鉢する (takuhatsu suru)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "乞食する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 乞食し こつじきし kotsujiki shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 乞食し こつじきし kotsujiki shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 乞食する こつじきする kotsujiki suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 乞食する こつじきする kotsujiki suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 乞食すれ こつじきすれ kotsujiki sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 乞食せよ¹
乞食しろ²		 こつじきせよ¹
こつじきしろ²		 kotsujiki seyo¹
kotsujiki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 乞食される こつじきされる kotsujiki sareru
Causative 乞食させる
乞食さす		 こつじきさせる
こつじきさす		 kotsujiki saseru
kotsujiki sasu
Potential 乞食できる こつじきできる kotsujiki dekiru
Volitional 乞食しよう こつじきしよう kotsujiki shiyō
Negative 乞食しない こつじきしない kotsujiki shinai
Negative continuative 乞食せず こつじきせず kotsujiki sezu
Formal 乞食します こつじきします kotsujiki shimasu
Perfective 乞食した こつじきした kotsujiki shita
Conjunctive 乞食して こつじきして kotsujiki shite
Hypothetical conditional 乞食すれば こつじきすれば kotsujiki sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
乞 食
かたい
Grade: S Grade: 2
jukujikun
For pronunciation and definitions of 乞食 – see the following entry.
【乞丐かたい】
[noun] beggar
[noun] (derogatory) idiot, fool
[noun] (archaic) leprosy
[noun] (archaic) leper
Alternative spellings
乞食, 傍居
(This term, 乞食, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References
  1. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
乞食

Noun

乞食 • (geolsik) (hangeul 걸식)

  1. Hanja form? of 걸식.
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