| to be conversant with things in the past; ancient objects; antiquities | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (博古通今) | 博古 | 通今 | |
| simp. #(博古通今) | 博古 | 通今 | |
| Rime | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 博 | 古 | 通 | 今 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 見 (28) | 透 (6) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (104) | 模 (23) | 東 (1) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | I | Chongniu III |
| Fanqie | 補各切 | 公戸切 | 他紅切 | 居吟切 |
| Reconstructions | ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/pwɑk̚/ | /kuoX/ | /tʰuŋ/ | /kˠiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/pʷɑk̚/ | /kuoX/ | /tʰuŋ/ | /kᵚim/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/puɑk̚/ | /koX/ | /tʰuŋ/ | /kiem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/pwak̚/ | /kɔX/ | /tʰəwŋ/ | /kjim/ |
| Li Rong |
/puɑk̚/ | /koX/ | /tʰuŋ/ | /kjəm/ |
| Wang Li |
/puɑk̚/ | /kuX/ | /tʰuŋ/ | /kĭĕm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/pwɑk̚/ | /kuoX/ | /tʰuŋ/ | /ki̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
bo | gǔ | tōng | jīn |