危險

See also: 危険 and 危险

Chinese

	danger; to endanger	danger (ous); rugged
trad. (危險)	危	險
simp. (危险)	危	险
anagram	險危／险危

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wēixiǎn, wéixiǎn

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟㄒㄧㄢˇ, ㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai⁴ him²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngùi-hiám

(Meixian, Guangdong): ngui² hiam³
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): gûi-hiám / hûi-hiám / ûi-hiám

(Teochew, Peng'im): nguin⁵ hiam²
Wu (Wiktionary): ³hhue-xi; ³ngue-xi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wēixiǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟㄒㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: weisiǎn
  - Wade–Giles: wei¹-hsien³
  - Yale: wēi-syǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ueishean
  - Palladius: вэйсянь (vɛjsjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕjɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; dated variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wéixiǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wéisiǎn
  - Wade–Giles: wei²-hsien³
  - Yale: wéi-syǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weishean
  - Palladius: вэйсянь (vɛjsjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯³⁵ ɕjɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngai⁴ him²
  - Yale: ngàih hím
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngai⁴ him²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngei⁴ him²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐi̯²¹ hiːm³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngùi-hiám
  - Hakka Romanization System: nguiˇ hiam`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngui² hiam³
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯i¹¹ hi̯am³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngui² hiam³
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋuɪ¹¹ çiam³¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gûi-hiám
  - Tâi-lô: guî-hiám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gui'hiarm
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡui²³⁻³³ hiam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡui²⁴⁻²² hiam⁵³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡui¹³⁻²² hiam⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡui²⁴⁻²² hiam⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡui²⁴⁻¹¹ hiam⁵³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûi-hiám
  - Tâi-lô: huî-hiám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hui'hiarm
  - IPA (Taipei): /hui²⁴⁻¹¹ hiam⁵³/
  - IPA (Penang): /hui²³⁻²¹ hiam⁴⁴⁵/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hui²³⁻³³ hiam⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi-hiám
  - Tâi-lô: uî-hiám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ui'hiarm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴⁻²² hiam⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui²³⁻³³ hiam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Singapore): /ui²⁴⁻²¹ hiam⁴²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ui²⁴⁻¹¹ hiam⁵³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui¹³⁻²² hiam⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: nguin⁵ hiam²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngûiⁿ hiám
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋũĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hiam⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ³hhue-xi; ³ngue-xi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦɯe̞²² ɕi⁴⁴/, /ŋɯe̞²² ɕi⁴⁴/

Note:

3hhue - younger speakers;
3ngue - older speakers.

Middle Chinese: /ŋˠiuᴇ hˠiᴇm^X/

Rime
Character	危	險
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	支 (14)	鹽 (154)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	魚爲切	虚檢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiuᴇ/	/hˠiᴇm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷᵚiɛ/	/hᵚiɛm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiuɛ/	/xiæm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋjwiə̆/	/hjiam^X/
Li Rong	/ŋjue/	/xjɛm^X/
Wang Li	/ŋǐwe/	/xĭɛm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋwie̯/	/xi̯ɛm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wéi	xiǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngai⁴	him²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ](r)[o]j qʰr[a]mʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋrol qʰramʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	危	險	險
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wēi	xiǎn	xiǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjwe ›	‹ xjæm^X ›	‹ xjem^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ](r)[o]j/	/*qʰr[a]mʔ/	/*qʰr[a]mʔ/
English	in danger	precipitous, dangerous	precipitous, dangerous
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	危	險
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12781	10221
Phonetic component	危	僉
Rime group	歌	談
Rime subdivision	3	1
Corresponding MC rime	危	險
Old Chinese	/*ŋrol/	/*qʰramʔ/

Adjective

危險

dangerous; risky; perilous
水深危險！／水深危险！ ― Shuǐshēn wēixiǎn! ― Warning: Deep water!

在懸崖邊行走是危險的。 [MSC, trad.]
在悬崖边行走是危险的。 [MSC, simp.]
Zài xuányá biān xíngzǒu shì wēixiǎn de. [Pinyin]
It is dangerous to walk near the edge of a cliff.

這四種職業很危險，膽子小的人，根本幹不了。 [MSC, trad.]
这四种职业很危险，胆子小的人，根本干不了。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè sì zhǒng zhíyè hěn wēixiǎn, dǎnzǐ xiǎo de rén, gēnběn gàn bù liǎo. [Pinyin]
These four occupations are very dangerous and not for the faint-hearted.

Synonyms

危急 (wēijí)
險惡／险恶 (xiǎn'è)
兇險／凶险 (xiōngxiǎn)
(Cantonese) 牙煙／牙烟
(Hokkien) 險厄／险厄
(Min Bei) 僥險／侥险
(Teochew) 浪險／浪险

Antonyms

安平 (ānpíng)
安然 (ānrán)
安全 (ānquán)
平安 (píng'ān)

Noun

危險

danger; risk; peril
危險係數／危险系数 ― wēixiǎn xìshù ― risk factor

以免發生危險／以免发生危险 ― yǐmiǎn fāshēng wēixiǎn ― in case of danger

路上坑坑窪窪的，騎車的人一不小心就有致命危險。 [MSC, trad.]
路上坑坑洼洼的，骑车的人一不小心就有致命危险。 [MSC, simp.]
Lùshàng kēngkēngwāwā de, qíchē de rén yībùxiǎoxīn jiù yǒu zhìmìng wēixiǎn. [Pinyin]
Pot holes can be lethal for the unwary cyclist.

Synonyms

(literary) 阽危 (diànwēi)
危機／危机 (wēijī)

Derived terms

危險品／危险品 (wēixiǎnpǐn)

生物危險／生物危险 (shēngwù wēixiǎn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (危險):

→ Japanese: 危(き)険(けん) (kiken)
→ Korean: 위험(危險) (wiheom)
→ Vietnamese: nguy hiểm (危險)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
危	險
き Grade: 6	けん Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Noun

危(き)險(けん) • (kiken)

Kyūjitai form of 危険: danger

Korean

Hanja in this term
危	險

Noun

危險 • (wiheom) (hangeul 위험)

Hanja form^? of 위험 (“danger”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
危	險

Noun

危險

chữ Hán form of nguy hiểm (“danger”).

Adjective

危險

chữ Hán form of nguy hiểm (“dangerous”).

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