国境

Chinese
For pronunciation and definitions of 国境 – see 國境 (“border of a country”).
(This term, 国境, is the simplified form of 國境.)
Notes:

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
国 境
こく > こっ
Grade: 2		 きょう
Grade: 5
on’yomi goon
Alternative spelling
國境 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 國境 (MC kwək̚ kˠiæŋX). First attested in a portion of the Shoku Nihongi dated to 706.[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) こっきょー [kòkkyóó] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
  • IPA(key): [ko̞k̚ʲkʲo̞ː]

Noun

国(こっ)境(きょう) • (kokkyō) ←こくきやう (kokukyau)?

  1. [from 706] a national border or frontier (part of a country that fronts or faces another country or an unsettled region)
    Synonyms: 国界 (kokkai), 国境 (kunizakai)
Derived terms
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)なき医(い)師(し)団(だん) (Kokkyō Naki Ishidan, “Doctors Without Borders”)
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)税(ぜい) (kokkyōzei), 国(こっ)境(きょう)関(かん)税(ぜい) (kokkyō kanzei, “border tariff”)
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)税(ぜい)関(かん) (kokkyō zeikan, “border customs house”)
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)警(けい)備(び)兵(へい) (kokkyō keibihei, “border or frontier guard”)
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)線(せん) (kokkyōsen, “border”)
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)地(ち)帯(たい) (kokkyō chitai, “region along a border”)
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)地(ち)方(ほう) (kokkyō chihō, “borderland”)
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)紛(ふん)争(そう) (kokkyō funsō, “border dispute”)
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)貿(ぼう)易(えき) (kokkyō bōeki, “border trade”)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
国 境
くに
Grade: 2		 さかい > ざかい
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
國境 (kyūjitai)
国界

Compound of 国 (kuni, “province; country”) +‎ 境 (sakai, “border”). The sakai changes to zakai as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

First attested in 1660.[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) くにざ​かい [kùnízáꜜkàì] (Nakadaka – [3])[2][3]
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɲ̟iza̠ka̠i]

Noun

国(くに)境(ざかい) • (kunizakai) ←くにざかひ (kunizakafi)?

  1. [from 1660] a national or provincial border or frontier
    信濃(しなの)と武蔵(むさし)の国境(くにざかい)に
    Shinano to Musashi no kunizakai ni
    on the border between Shinano and Musashi
    Synonyms: 国境 (kokkyō), 国界 (kokkai)
Usage notes

This reading is usually restricted to the context of historical Japanese geography.

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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