島

See also: 岛, 嶋, 嶌, and 嶹
島 U+5CF6, 島
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5CF6
← 峵
[U+5CF5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 峷 →
[U+5CF7]

Translingual

Han character

島 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹日卜山 (HAYU), four-corner 27727)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 312, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8108
  • Dae Jaweon: page 612, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 775, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+5CF6

Chinese
trad. 島
simp. 岛
alternative forms
 
㠀
嶋
嶌
隝
嶹／𫝵
㠀
嶋
嶌
隝
嶹／𫝵
隯／陦

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 島
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (鳥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
島 *tuːwʔ
搗 *taːwʔ
鵃 *rtɯːw, *rtɯːw, *tjiw
瞗 *tɯːw
鳥 *tɯːwʔ
蔦 *tɯːwʔ, *tɯːws
窵 *tɯːws

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tuːwʔ) : phonetic 鳥 (OC *tɯːwʔ) + semantic 山 (“mountain”).

島

Etymology

Reminiscent of Mon လ္ကံ (from Proto-Mon-Khmer *tkɔɔʔ), but probably not related (Schuessler, 2007).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 島
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都晧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tawX/
Li
Rong		 /tɑuX/
Wang
Li		 /tɑuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 dou2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 島
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 dǎo
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tawX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tˁuʔ/
English island

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 島
Reading # 1/1
No. 9507
Phonetic
component		 鳥
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 倒
Old
Chinese		 /*tuːwʔ/

Definitions

島

  1. island
    孤島／孤岛  ―  gūdǎo  ―  isolated island
    群島／群岛  ―  qúndǎo  ―  archipelago
    半島／半岛  ―  bàndǎo  ―  peninsula
    海南島／海南岛  ―  Hǎinán Dǎo  ―  Hainan island
  2. a surname

Compounds
Derived terms from 島

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (島):
  • → Japanese: 島(とう) (tō)
  • → Korean: 도(島) (do)
  • → Vietnamese: đảo (島)

References

Japanese

Kanji
島

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Alternative forms
Kanji in this term
島
しま
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Etymology 1

/sima/ → /ɕima/

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *sima.

Possibly related to Baekje 斯麻 (*syema, “island”) and Middle Korean 셤 (syem), whence modern Korean 섬 (seom, “island”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) しま​ [shìmáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ɕima̠]

Noun

島(しま) • (shima) 

  1. an island (land surrounded by water)
  2. one's domain, territory, turf
  3. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Derived terms
Derived terms

Proper noun

島(しま) • (Shima) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
島
とう
Grade: 3
on’yomi

/tau/ → /tɔː/ → /toː/

From Middle Chinese 島 (MC tɑuX).

Affix

島(とう) • (tō) ←たう (tau)?

  1. island
Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. Vovin, Alexander (2013), “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics‎ (PDF), volume 15, issue 2, John Benjamins Publishing Company, →DOI, pages 222-240.
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 島 (MC tɑuX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448도ᇢ〯 (Yale: twǒw)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527셤〯 (Yale: syěm)도〯 (Yale: twǒ)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 島 (eumhun 섬 도 (seom do))

  1. Hanja form? of 도 (“island”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Kunigami

Kanji

島

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *sima, from Proto-Japonic *sima.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɕimaː/

Noun

島 (hiragana しまー, romaji shimā)

  1. a community
  2. an island

Miyako

Kanji

島

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *sima, from Proto-Japonic *sima.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ss̩ma/

Noun

島 (hiragana すま, romaji suma)

  1. a community
  2. an island

Okinawan

Kanji
島

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *sima, from Proto-Japonic *sima. Cognate with Japanese 島 (shima).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɕima/

Noun

島 (hiragana しま, rōmaji shima)

  1. a community
  2. an island

Derived terms
Derived terms

Old Japanese

Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *sima.

Noun

島 (sima) (kana しま)

  1. an island
  2. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 島島 (simazima)
  • 島隠る (simagakuru)
  • 島門 (simato1)
  • 島廻 (simami2)
  • 島山 (simayama)
  • 敷島, 磯城島 (Siki2sima)

Descendants
  • Japanese: 島 (shima)

Vietnamese

Han character

島: Hán Việt readings: đảo (都(đô)老(lão)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
島: Nôm readings: đảo[1][3], láo[5]

  1. chữ Hán form of đảo (“island”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. Trần (2004).
  3. Bonet (1899).
  4. Génibrel (1898).
  5. Hồ (1976).

Yaeyama

Kanji

島

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *sima, from Proto-Japonic *sima.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /sɨma/

Noun

島 (hiragana しぃま, romaji sïma)

  1. a community
  2. an island

Yonaguni

Kanji

島

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *sima, from Proto-Japonic *sima.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /t͡ɕima/

Noun

島 (hiragana ちま, romaji chima)

  1. a community
  2. an island
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