弓弦

Chinese
a bow (weapon) bow string; string of mus. instr.
simp. and trad.
(弓弦)		 弓 弦

Pronunciation

Noun

弓弦

  1. bowstring

Japanese
弓弦 (yuzuru, yumizuru, yunzuru): a traditional Japanese bowstring and 弦巻 (tsurumaki, “woven bowstring winder”).

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
弓 弦
ゆ
Grade: 2		 つる > づる
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Compound of 弓 (yu, “bow”) +‎ 弦 (tsuru, “string, line”).[1] The tsuru changes to zuru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Probably the original reading, given the etymology of the yu and yumi readings for 弓.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [jɯ̃ᵝd͡zɯᵝɾ̠ɯᵝ] (dialectal pronunciation)

Noun

弓(ゆ)弦(づる) • (yuzuru) 

  1. a bowstring
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 11, poem 2638); text here
      梓弓 末之腹野尓 鷹田為 君之弓食之 将絶跡念甕屋
      梓弓 末のはら野に 鳥狩する 君が弓弦の 絶えむと思へや
      あづさゆみ すゑのはらのに とがりする きみがゆづるの たえむとおもへや
      Azusa yumi / sue no harano ni / togari suru / kimi ga yuzuru no / taemu to omoe ya
      Think about your bowstring snapping as you go off hunting birds in the far fields with your catalpa bow
Idioms
Idioms
  • 弓弦を鳴らす (ゆづるをならす, ​yuzuru o narasu): “to make the bowstring sing” → to strum or thrum a bowstring, done to ward off evil

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
弓 弦
ゆみ
Grade: 2		 つる > づる
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Compound of 弓 (yumi, “bow”) +‎ 弦 (tsuru, “string, line”).[1] The tsuru changes to zuru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Probably a later reading, given the etymology of the yu and yumi readings for 弓.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [jɯ̃ᵝmid͡zɯᵝɾ̠ɯᵝ] (dialectal pronunciation)

Noun

弓(ゆみ)弦(づる) • (yumizuru) 

  1. a bowstring
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 弓弦打(ゆみづるう)ち (yumizuru uchi), 弓弦打(ゆみづるうち) (yumizuru uchi): striking or strumming a bowstring, done to ward off evil
  • 弓弦師(ゆみづるし) (yumizurushi): a master maker of bowstrings
  • 弓弦袋(ゆみづるぶくろ) (yumizurubukuro): a pouch for a spare bowstring

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
弓 弦
ゆみ > ゆん
Grade: 2		 つる > づる
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/jumizuru/ → /junzuru/

Alteration from yumizuru reading.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [jɯ̃ᵝɴd͡zɯᵝɾ̠ɯᵝ] (dialectal pronunciation)

Noun

弓(ゆん)弦(づる) • (yunzuru) 

  1. a bowstring

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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