朋友

Chinese
friend friend
simp. and trad.
(朋友)		 朋 友

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 朋 友
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 登 (129) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 步崩切 云久切
Baxter bong hjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bəŋ/ /ɦɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /bəŋ/ /ɦiuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /bəŋ/ /ɣiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /bəŋ/ /ɦuwX/
Li
Rong		 /bəŋ/ /ɣiuX/
Wang
Li		 /bəŋ/ /ɣĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱəŋ/ /i̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 péng yǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 pang4 jau5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 朋 友
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 péng yǒu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bong › ‹ hjuwX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[b]ˁəŋ/ /*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
English set of cowries; friend friend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 朋 友
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 9663 15596
Phonetic
component		 朋 又
Rime
group		 蒸 之
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 朋 有
Old
Chinese		 /*bɯːŋ/ /*ɢʷɯʔ/

Noun

朋友

  1. friend (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 位 m c)
    童年的朋友  ―  tóngnián de péngyǒu  ―  childhood friend
    結交新朋友／结交新朋友  ―  jiéjiāo xīn péngyǒu  ―  to make new friends
    他不知道朋友的家在哪裡。 [MSC, trad.]
    他不知道朋友的家在哪里。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā bù zhīdào péngyǒu de jiā zài nǎlǐ. [Pinyin]
    He doesn't know where his friend's house is.
    呢個係我個朋友。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
    呢个系我个朋友。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]
    ni1 go3 hai6 ngo5 go3 pang4 jau5. [Jyutping]
    This is my friend.
    伊毋知朋友的厝佇佗位。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    伊毋知朋友的厝伫佗位。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    I m̄ chai pêng-iú ê chhù tī tó-ūi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    He doesn't know where his friend's house is.
    伊唔知朋友個內在底塊。 [Teochew, trad.]
    伊唔知朋友个内在底块。 [Teochew, simp.]
    i1 m6 zai1 pêng5 iu2 gai5 lai6 do6 di7 go3. [Peng'im]
    He doesn't know where his friend's house is.
    你的近況斷續從朋友口中傳到我耳畔。 [MSC, trad.]
    你的近况断续从朋友口中传到我耳畔。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ de jìnkuàng duànxù cóng péngyǒu kǒu zhōng chuán dào wǒ ěrpàn. [Pinyin]
    Your news intermittently came to my ears through friends' words.
    我跟她真的只是普通朋友。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒ gēn tā zhēnde zhǐshì pǔtōng péngyǒu. [Pinyin]
    She and I are really just friends.
    世界上最可悲的事情，莫過於你喜歡他，他卻只把你當朋友。 [MSC, trad.]
    世界上最可悲的事情，莫过于你喜欢他，他却只把你当朋友。 [MSC, simp.]
    Shìjiè shàng zuì kěbēi de shìqíng, mòguòyú nǐ xǐhuān tā, tā què zhǐ bǎ nǐ dāng péngyǒu. [Pinyin]
    The saddest thing in the world is liking someone but they only see you as a friend.
  2. (euphemistic) boyfriend or girlfriend; partner
Synonyms
  • (friend):
Antonyms
  • (friend):
Hyponyms
  • (friend): 好友 (hǎoyǒu, “good friend”), 老友 (lǎoyǒu, “old friend”)
Derived terms
Derived terms from 朋友

See also

Further reading

Pronunciation 2

Noun

朋友

  1. (archaic) large number of retainers
  2. (archaic, Ming dynasty) designation given by government bureaucrats to Confucian students
Synonyms
  • (large number of retainers): (archaic) 群臣 (qúnchén)

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (朋友):

Others:

  • → Hmong (Leng/Der): fim ywg
  • → White Hmong: phooj ywg
  • → Zhuang: baengzyoux

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
朋 友
ほう
Jinmeiyō		 ゆう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

/hoː iu/ → /hoːjiu/ → /hoːjuː/

From Middle Chinese compound 朋友 (MC bəŋ ɦɨuX).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ほーゆう [hòóyúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ho̞ːjɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

朋(ほう)友(ゆう) • (hōyū) ←ほういう (fouiu)?
(alternative reading hiragana ぼうゆう, rōmaji bōyū, historical hiragana ぼういう)

  1. (uncommon) a friend
    Synonyms: 友達 (tomodachi), 仲間 (nakama), 友人 (yūjin) (more common)
    Antonym: 仇敵 (kyūteki)
Derived terms
  • 知己(ちき)朋友(ほうゆう) (chiki hōyū, “acquaintance”)
Proverbs
  • 善(ぜん)を責(せ)むるは朋友(ほうゆう)の道(みち)なり (zen o semuru wa hōyū no michi nari)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
朋 友
ぽん
Jinmeiyō		 ゆう
Grade: 2
irregular
Alternative spellings
ポンユー
ポン友

Borrowing from Mandarin 朋友 (péngyǒu).[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ポンユー [pòn'yúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [põ̞ɰ̃jɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

朋友(ポンユー) • (pon'yū) 

  1. (slang, dated) a friend

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term
朋友

Noun

朋友

  1. chữ Hán form of bằng hữu (“friend”).
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