狐

狐 U+72D0, 狐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72D0
← 狏
[U+72CF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 狑 →
[U+72D1]

Translingual

Han character

狐 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+5 in Chinese, 犬+6 in Japanese, 8 strokes in Chinese, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 大竹竹女人 (KHHVO), four-corner 42230, composition ⿰犭瓜)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 708, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20333
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1121, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1340, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+72D0

Chinese
trad. 狐
simp. # 狐

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (瓜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
瓜 *kʷraː
坬 *kʷraːs
窊 *qʷraː, *qʷraːs
畖 *qʷraː
搲 *qʷraːs
攨 *qʷraːs
孤 *kʷaː
苽 *kʷaː
胍 *kʷaː
泒 *kʷaː
呱 *kʷaː
觚 *kʷaː
柧 *kʷaː
罛 *kʷaː
軱 *kʷaː
菰 *kʷaː
箛 *kʷaː
狐 *ɡʷaː
弧 *ɡʷlaː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡʷaː) : semantic 犭 (“dog”) + phonetic 瓜 (OC *kʷraː).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gwa (“fox”). Cognate with Tibetan ཝ (wa, “fox”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • hou5 - vernacular;
  • hu5 - literary.
Rime
Character 狐
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 戸吳切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦuo/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦuo/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣo/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦɔ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣo/
Wang
Li		 /ɣu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 wu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 狐
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hu ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ʷˁa/
English fox

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 狐
Reading # 1/1
No. 4358
Phonetic
component		 瓜
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 胡
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡʷaː/

Definitions

狐

  1. fox
  2. a surname

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 狐狸 (“fox”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 狐
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 狐狸, 狐
Taxonomic name 狐
Mandarin Beijing 狐狸
Taiwan 狐狸
Ulanhot 狐狸
Tongliao 狐狸
Chifeng 狐狸
Bayanhot 狐狸
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 狐狸
Harbin 狐狸
Yantai (Muping) 貔子, 狐狸
Jinan 貔子, 貔大狐子, 貔狐子, 狐狸
Luoyang 狐狸
Wanrong 狐子
Zhengzhou 狐狸
Xi'an 狐狸, 狐子
Yinchuan 狐子
Lanzhou 野狐
Xining 野狐兒, 狐狸, 沙狐
Ürümqi 狐狸
Wuhan 狐狸
Chengdu 狐狸, 毛狗
Guiyang 狐狸, 毛狗
Guilin 狐狸
Liuzhou 狐狸
Xuzhou 狐狸子, 狐狸
Yangzhou 狐狸, 狸
Nanjing 狐狸, 大仙 superstitious
Hefei 狐狸
Singapore 狐狸
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 狐子
Cantonese Guangzhou 狐狸
Hong Kong 狐狸
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 狐狸
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 狐狸
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 狐狸
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 狐狸
Macau 狐狸
Guangzhou (Panyu) 狐狸
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 狐狸
Guangzhou (Conghua) 狐狸
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 狐狸
Foshan 狐狸
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 狐狸
Foshan (Shunde) 狐狸
Foshan (Sanshui) 狐狸
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 狐狸
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 狐狸
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 狐狸
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 狐狸
Zhuhai (Doumen) 狐狸
Jiangmen (Baisha) 狐狸
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 狐狸
Taishan 狐狸
Kaiping (Chikan) 蜢狗
Enping (Niujiang) 狐狸
Heshan (Yayao) 狐狸
Dongguan 狐狸
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 狐狸
Shaoguan 狐狸
Yunfu 狐狸
Yangjiang 狐狸
Xinyi 狐狸
Lianjiang 狐狸
Nanning 狐狸
Wuzhou 狐狸
Yulin 狐狸
Hepu (Lianzhou) 狐狸
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 狐狸
Singapore (Guangfu) 狐狸
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 狐狸
Gan Nanchang 狐狸
Lichuan 狐兒
Pingxiang 狐狸
Hakka Meixian 狐狸
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 狐狸
Dongguan (Qingxi) 狐狸
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 狐狸
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 狐狸, 禾狸
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 狐狸
Wuhua (Huacheng) 鋪狗
Conghua (Lütian) 狐狸
Yudu 狐狸子, 狐狸
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 狐狸
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 狐狸, 狐狸仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 狐狸
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 狐狸
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 狐狸
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 狐狸
Hong Kong 狐狸
Luchuan (Daqiao) 狐狸
Senai (Huiyang) 狐狸
Singkawang 狐狸
Huizhou Jixi 狐狸
Jin Taiyuan 狐子, 狐狸
Pingyao 狐子
Xinzhou 狐子
Taibus (Baochang) 狐狸
Linhe 狐子
Jining 狐子
Hohhot 狐子
Baotou 狐子
Dongsheng 狐子
Haibowan 狐子
Min Bei Jian'ou 狐狸
Min Dong Fuzhou 狐狸, 狐狸貓
Fuqing 野貓
Min Nan Xiamen 狐狸, 狸貓
Quanzhou 狐狸, 狸貓
Zhangzhou 狐狸, 狸貓
Dongshan 狐狸
Taipei 狐狸
Kaohsiung 狐狸
Yilan 狐狸
Changhua (Lukang) 狐狸
Taichung 狐狸
Taichung (Wuqi) 狐狸
Tainan 狐狸
Taitung 狐狸
Hsinchu 狐狸
Penghu (Magong) 狐狸
Penang (Hokkien) 狐狸
Singapore (Hokkien) 狐狸
Zhangping (Yongfu) 狸貓
Datian 狐狸嫲
Pingnan (Shangdu) 狐狸
Chaozhou 狐狸
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 狐狸
Haikou 狐狸
Puxian Min Putian 狐狸
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 狐狸
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 狐狸
Wu Shanghai 狐狸
Shanghai (Chongming) 狐狸
Suzhou 狐狸
Danyang 狐狸
Hangzhou 狐狸, 大仙 superstitious
Ningbo 狐狸
Wenzhou 狐狸
Jinhua 狐狸
Xiang Changsha 狐狸, 九尾子
Shuangfeng 狐狸
Quanzhou 狐狸精, 狐狸

Compounds
Derived terms from 狐

References

Japanese

Kanji
狐

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings
  • Go-on: ぐ (gu); ご (go)
  • Kan-on: こ (ko)
  • Kun: きつね (kitsune, 狐)

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
狐 (kitsune): a fox napping in the snow.
Kanji in this term
狐
きつね
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Ultimate derivation unknown. There are various theories. The most likely is based on the root form kitsu, which may have originally been onomatopoeic for the sound of a fox's cry.[1] The final ne syllable appeared for certain by the Heian period,[2] but its meaning remains unclear.

Pronunciation

Noun

狐(きつね) • (kitsune) 

  1. a fox
    • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
      狐狼 上扈反, 倭言岐都禰, 又狐諼獸鬼所乘有三徳, 狐疑不定也, 狼音良, 訓, 似犬也, 倭言大神也
    • 1994 July 16, Isao Takahata, 平成狸合戦ぽんぽこ [Heisei Raccoon Dog War Ponpoko], Toho, spoken by Oroku (Nijiko Kiyokawa):
      程(てい)度(ど)の低(ひく)いものは「擬(ぎ)態(たい)」と呼(よ)ばれ、カメレオンなんぞにもできるが、「化(ば)け学(がく)」はオラたち以(い)外(がい)では、キツネと一(いち)部(ぶ)のネコしか身(み)につけておらん‼
      Teido no hikui mono wa “gitai” to yobare, kamereon nanzo ni mo dekiru ga, “bakegaku” wa ora-tachi igai de wa, kitsune to ichibu no neko shika mi ni tsuketeoran‼
      Those lesser kinds like chameleons can make use of “mimicry”, but beside us, only foxes and a few cats can master “metamorphism”!!

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as キツネ.

Synonyms

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 青(あお)狐(ぎつね) (aogitsune)
  • 赤(あか)狐(ぎつね) (akagitsune)
  • 兎(うさぎ)死(し)すれば狐(きつね)これを悲(かな)しむ (usagi shi sureba kitsune kore o kanashimu)
  • 兎(うさぎ)の罠(わな)に狐(きつね)がかかる (usagi no wana ni kitsune ga kakaru)
  • 刑(おさか)部(べ)狐(ぎつね) (osakabegitsune)
  • 御(お)先(さき)狐(ぎつね) (osakigitsune)
  • 尾(お)裂(さ)き狐(ぎつね) (osakigitsune)
  • 雄(お)狐(ぎつね) (ogitsune): a male fox
  • 同(おな)じ穴(あな)の狐(きつね) (onaji ana no kitsune)
  • 北(きた)狐(きつね) (kitakitsune): Vulpes vulpes schrenckii, the northern fox or Hokkaido fox of Japan and Sakhalin
  • 狐(きつね)薊(あざみ) (kitsuneazami)
  • 狐(きつね)色(いろ) (kitsuneiro)
  • 狐(きつね)饂(う)飩(どん) (kitsuneudon)
  • 狐(きつね)落(お)とし (kitsuneotoshi)
  • 狐(きつね)拳(けん) (kitsuneken)
  • 狐(きつね)格(ごう)子(し) (kitsunegōshi)
  • 狐(きつね)猿(ざる) (kitsunezaru)
  • 狐(きつね)死(し)して丘(おか)に首(しゅ)す (kitsune shi shite oka ni shusu), 狐(きつね)死(し)して丘(おか)に首(かしら)す (kitsune shi shite oka ni kashirasu)
  • 狐(きつね)鮨(ずし) (kitsunezushi)
  • 狐(きつね)施(せ)行(ぎょう) (kitsunesegyō)
  • 狐(きつね)鯛(だい) (kitsunedai)
  • 狐(きつね)忠(ただ)信(のぶ) (kitsunetadanobu)
  • 狐(きつね)塚(づか) (kitsunezuka)
  • 狐(きつね)使(つか)い (kitsunetsukai)
  • 狐(きつね)憑(つ)き (kitsunetsuki): possession by a kitsune
  • 狐(きつね)釣(つ)り (kitsunetsuri)
  • 狐(きつね)戸(ど) (kitsunedo)
  • 狐(きつね)と狸(たぬき) (kitsune to tanuki)
  • 狐(きつね)と狸(たぬき)の化(ば)かし合(あ)い (kitsune to tanuki no bakashi ai)
  • 狐(きつね)につままれる (kitsune ni tsumamareru)
  • 狐(きつね)の絵(え)筆(ふで) (kitsune no efude)
  • 狐(きつね)の尾(お) (kitsune no o)
  • 狐(きつね)の剃刀(かみそり) (kitsune no kamisori)
  • 狐(きつね)の子(こ)は頬(つら)白(じろ) (kitsune no ko wa tsurajiro)
  • 狐(きつね)の茶(ちゃ)袋(ぶくろ) (kitsune no chabukuro)
  • 狐(きつね)の提(ちょう)灯(ちん) (kitsune no chōchin)
  • 狐(きつね)の手(て)袋(ぶくろ) (kitsune no tebukuro)
  • 狐(きつね)の牡(ぼ)丹(たん) (kitsune no botan)
  • 狐(きつね)の孫(まご) (kitsune no mago)
  • 狐(きつね)の嫁(よめ)入(い)り (kitsune no yomeiri): a sun shower
  • 狐(きつね)火(び) (kitsunebi): will o' the wisp, foxfire
  • 狐(きつね)日(び)和(より) (kitsunebiyori)
  • 狐(きつね)福(ふく) (kitsunefuku)
  • 狐(きつね)遍(べ)羅(ら) (kitsunebera), 狐(きつね)倍(べ)良(ら) (kitsunebera)
  • 狐(きつね)窓(まど) (kitsunemado)
  • 狐(きつね)飯(めし) (kitsunemeshi)
  • 狐(きつね)物(もの)語(がたり) (kitsunemonogatari)
  • 狐(きつね)柳(やなぎ) (kitsuneyanagi)
  • 狐(きつね)六(ろっ)方(ぽう) (kitsuneroppō)
  • 狐(きつね)罠(わな) (kitsunewana)
  • 狐(きつね)を馬(うま)に乗(の)せたよう (kitsune o uma ni noseta yō)
  • 九(きゅう)尾(び)の狐(きつね) (kyūbi no kitsune)
  • 銀(ぎん)狐(ぎつね) (gingitsune)
  • 管(くだ)狐(ぎつね) (kudagitsune)
  • 源(げん)九(く)郎(ろう)狐(ぎつね) (genkurōgitsune)
  • 小(こ)狐(ぎつね) (kogitsune), 子(こ)狐(ぎつね) (kogitsune)
  • 小(こ)狐(ぎつね)座(ざ) (Kogitsuneza)
  • 小(こ)狐(ぎつね)丸(まる) (kogitsunemaru)
  • 小(こ)狐(ぎつね)礼(れい)三(ざ) (kogitsunereiza)
  • 小(こ)人(びと)狐(きつね)猿(ざる) (kobitokitsunezaru)
  • 佐(さ)渡(ど)狐(ぎつね) (sadogitsune)
  • 白(しろ)狐(ぎつね) (shirogitsune)
  • 師(し)走(わす)狐(ぎつね) (shiwasugitsune)
  • 釣(つ)り狐(ぎつね) (tsurigitsune)
  • 虎(とら)の威(い)を借(か)る狐(きつね) (tora no i o karu kitsune)
  • 野(の)狐(ぎつね) (nogitsune): field or wild foxes
  • 灰(はい)色(いろ)狐(ぎつね) (haiirogitsune)
  • 袋(ふくろ)狐(ぎつね) (fukurogitsune)
  • 古(ふる)狐(ぎつね) (furugitsune)
  • 北(ほっ)極(きょく)狐(ぎつね) (hokkyokugitsune)
  • 牝(め)狐(ぎつね) (megitsune), 雌(め)狐(ぎつね) (megitsune): a female fox, a vixen
  • ライネケ狐(ぎつね) (rainekegitsune)

References
  1. 1937: Daigenkai (in Japanese). Reissued in 1984. →ISBN
  2. 1998: 『怪異・きつね百物語』 (Yōkai: Kitsune Hyaku Monogatari, “Phantoms: 100 Fox Tales”; in Japanese). Yoshihiko Sasama. →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  5. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 狐 (MC ɦuo).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᅘᅩᆼ (Yale: hhwò)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527여ᅀᅳ (Yale: yèzù)호 (Yale: hwò)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 狐 (eumhun 여우 호 (yeou ho))

  1. Hanja form? of 호 (“fox”). [affix]

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Okinawan

Kanji
狐

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
狐
ちちに
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

/*kitune/ → /t͡ɕit͡sini/ → /t͡ɕit͡ɕini/

Cognate with Japanese 狐 (kitsune).

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ちつィに.[1] The phonemes /t͡si/ and /t͡ɕi/ converged in Okinawan during the 20th century.

Noun

狐 (hiragana ちちに, rōmaji chichini, historical hiragana ちつィに)

  1. fox

References
  1. 1896: 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”). In Japanese. http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/992016/30

Further reading
  • “ちちに【狐】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese

Han character

狐: Hán Nôm readings: hồ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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