| numerous; multitude; crowd | to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (眾生/衆生) | 眾/衆 | 生 | |
| simp. (众生) | 众 | 生 | |
| Rime | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 眾 | 生 | 生 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 生 (21) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) | 庚 (109) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | II | II |
| Fanqie | 之仲切 | 所庚切 | 所敬切 |
| Reconstructions | |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ɕɨuŋH/ | /ʃˠæŋ/ | /ʃˠæŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/t͡ɕiuŋH/ | /ʃᵚaŋ/ | /ʃᵚaŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ɕiuŋH/ | /ʃaŋ/ | /ʃaŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/cuwŋH/ | /ʂaɨjŋ/ | /ʂaɨjŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡ɕiuŋH/ | /ʃɐŋ/ | /ʃɐŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡ɕĭuŋH/ | /ʃɐŋ/ | /ʃɐŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡ɕi̯uŋH/ | /ʂɐŋ/ | /ʂɐŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhòng | shēng | shèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
zung3 | sang1 | sang3 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 眾 | 生 | 生 | 生 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zhòng | shēng | shēng | shēng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tsyuwngH › | ‹ sræng › | ‹ sræng › | ‹ srjæng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*tuŋ-s/ | /*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?) | /*sreŋ/ | /*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?) |
| English | numerous | bear, be born; live | fresh, raw | bear, be born; live |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 眾 | 生 | 生 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 17491 | 11312 | 11322 |
| Phonetic component |
衆 | 生 | 生 |
| Rime group |
終 | 耕 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
衆 | 生 | 生 |
| Old Chinese |
/*tjuŋs/ | /*sʰleːŋ/ | /*sreŋs/ |
| Notes | 甲文象日下三人， 金文或改目下， 表衆人在監督下勞作 |
||
眾生