腐

腐	U+8150, 腐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8150

← 腏
[U+814F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

腑 →
[U+8151]

Translingual

Han character

腐 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈戈人月人 (IIOBO), four-corner 0022₇, composition ⿸府肉)

Derived characters

𭬙, 𫓘, 𮌾

References

KangXi: page 987, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29625
Dae Jaweon: page 1439, character 15
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2933, character 3
Unihan data for U+8150

Chinese

simp. and trad.		腐

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (付) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鉜	*bu
跗	po, bos
柎	*po
腑	*poʔ
俯	*poʔ
府	*poʔ
付	*pos
咐	*pos
怤	*pʰo
泭	pʰo, bo
姇	*pʰo
紨	*pʰo
拊	*pʰoʔ
弣	*pʰoʔ
符	*bo
苻	*bo
坿	bo, bos
腐	*boʔ
附	*bos
駙	*bos
鮒	*bos
袝	*bos
蚹	*bos
胕	*bos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *boʔ) : phonetic 府 (OC *poʔ) + semantic 肉 (“ribs, flesh, body”) – decay as aspect of the flesh.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): fǔ (fu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˇ

(Chengdu, SP): fu³
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fu⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): fu⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): fu³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fú / fû / fu

(Meixian, Guangdong): fu⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): fu²
Min Bei (KCR): hǔ / hū
Min Dong (BUC): bô / hô
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hū / hú

(Teochew, Peng'im): hu¹ / hu⁷
Wu (Wiktionary): ³hhu; ³vu
Xiang (Wiktionary): fu³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fǔ
  - Wade–Giles: fu³
  - Yale: fǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuu
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fu³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu⁶
  - Yale: fuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: fu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: fu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fú / fû / fu
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu` / fu´ / fu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fu³ / fu¹ / fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fu³¹/, /fu²⁴/, /fu⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fu⁵³/

Note:

Sixian:
- fû - to become powdery from decay;
- fu - in 豆腐.

Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: fu²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /fu⁵³/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hǔ / hū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu²¹/, /xu⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bô / hô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou²⁴²/, /hou²⁴²/

Note:

bô - vernacular;
hô - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hū / hú
  - Tâi-lô: hū / hú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hu, huo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hu²²/, /hu⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hu⁴¹/, /hu⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hu²²/, /hu⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hu³³/, /hu⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu³³/, /hu⁴¹/

Note:

hū - vernacular;
hú - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hu¹ / hu⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hu / hū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³³/, /hu¹¹/

Note: hu7 - used in 豆腐.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ³hhu; ³vu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦv̩ʷ²³/, /v̥v̩ʷ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: fu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸu⁴¹/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 腐
Mandarin	Beijing	/fu²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/fu²¹³/
	Tianjin	/fu¹³/
	Jinan	/fu⁴²/
	Qingdao	/fu⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/fu⁵³/
	Xi'an	/fu⁵³/
	Xining	/fv̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/fu⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/fu⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/fu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/fu⁴²/
	Chengdu	/fu⁵³/
	Guiyang	/fu⁴²/
	Kunming	/fu⁵³/
	Nanjing	/fu²¹²/
	Hefei	/fu²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/fu⁵³/
	Pingyao	/xu⁵³/
	Hohhot	/fu⁵³/ ～竹 /fəʔ⁴³/ 豆～
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦu²³/ /vu²³/
	Suzhou	/vu³¹/
	Hangzhou	/vu¹³/
	Wenzhou	/vøy²²/
Hui	Shexian	/fu³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/fu³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/fu⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɸu⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/fu²¹³/ 豆～
Hakka	Meixian	/fu⁵³/ 豆～
Hakka	Taoyuan	/fu³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fu²²/
	Nanning	/fu²²/
	Hong Kong	/fu²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hu⁵³/ /hu²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/pou²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xu²¹/ /xu⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hu³³/ /hu³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/fu³¹/ ～敗 /hu²³/ 豆～

Middle Chinese: /bɨo^X/

Rime
Character	腐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	扶雨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/bio^X/
Shao Rongfen	/bio^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buə̆^X/
Li Rong	/bio^X/
Wang Li	/bĭu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fu⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b](r)oʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*boʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	腐
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ bju^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[b](r)oʔ/
English	rotten
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	腐
Reading #	1/1
No.	3524
Phonetic component	付
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	父
Old Chinese	/*boʔ/

Definitions

腐

to rot; to decay; to spoil

Compounds

乳腐 (rǔfǔ)
刀切豆腐
吃豆腐 (chī dòufu)
摧枯折腐
杏仁豆腐 (xìngrén dòufu)
板腐
槁骨腐肉
磨豆腐 (mò dòufu)
糟豆腐
老豆腐 (lǎodòufu)
腐乳 (fǔrǔ)
腐人
腐儒 (fǔrú)
腐刑 (fǔxíng)
腐化 (fǔhuà)
腐化分子
腐史
腐心
腐朽 (fǔxiǔ)
腐植土
腐熟
腐生 (fǔshēng)
腐生植物
腐竹 (fǔzhú)

腐肉 (fǔròu)
腐臭 (fǔchòu)
腐草
腐酒
腐鼠
臭豆腐 (chòudòufu)
豆腐 (dòufu)
豆腐乳 (dòufurǔ)
豆腐官
豆腐心
豆腐皮 (dòufupí)
豆腐衣
豆腐西施
迂腐 (yūfǔ)
酸腐
防腐 (fángfǔ)
麻婆豆腐 (mápó dòufu)
熏腐
豆腐干
凍豆腐／冻豆腐
切齒腐心／切齿腐心
孤雛腐鼠／孤雏腐鼠
物腐蟲生／物腐虫生
紅腐貫朽／红腐贯朽

老腐敗／老腐败
脣腐齒落／唇腐齿落
腐壞／腐坏 (fǔhuài)
腐惡／腐恶
腐敗／腐败 (fǔbài)
腐植質／腐植质
腐殖質／腐殖质 (fǔzhízhì)
腐氣／腐气
腐爛／腐烂 (fǔlàn)
腐腸之藥／腐肠之药
腐蝕／腐蚀 (fǔshí)
腐蝕劑／腐蚀剂 (fǔshíjì)
腐餘／腐余
豆腐乾／豆腐干 (dòufugān)
豆腐腦／豆腐脑 (dòufunǎo)
豆腐飯／豆腐饭
豆腐鯊／豆腐鲨 (dòufushā)
貪汙腐化／贪污腐化
貫朽粟腐／贯朽粟腐
醬豆腐／酱豆腐 (jiàngdòufu)
防腐劑／防腐剂 (fángfǔjì)
陳腐／陈腐 (chénfǔ)
鴟得腐鼠／鸱得腐鼠

Descendants

→ Isan: ฟุย
→ Lao: ຟຸຍ (fu nya)

Japanese

Kanji

腐

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

to spoil, rot, corrode, moulder
to speak ill of

Readings

Go-on: ぶ (bu)
Kan-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō)
Kun: くさる (kusaru, 腐る, Jōyō); くされる (kusareru, 腐れる, Jōyō); くさす (kusasu, 腐す); くさらす (kusarasu, 腐らす, Jōyō)

Derived terms

Compounds

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 腐 (MC bɨo^X).

Hanja

腐, eumhun 썩을 부 (sseogeul bu)

Hanja form^? of 부 (“rot, decay, spoil”).

Vietnamese

Han character

腐: Hán Nôm readings: hủ, phụ

chữ Hán form of hủ (“to spoil, to rot”).

Derived terms

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