遊俠

See also: 游侠

Chinese

		to roam; travel	knight-errant; chivalrous; heroic
trad. (遊俠/游俠)		遊/游	俠
simp. (游侠)		游	侠

Etymology

Attested earliest in Han Feizi:

故不相容之事，不兩立也。……廢敬上畏法之民，而養遊俠私劍之屬。舉行如此，治強不可得也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
故不相容之事，不两立也。……废敬上畏法之民，而养游侠私剑之属。举行如此，治强不可得也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE, translated based on W. K. Liao's version
Gù bù xiàngróng zhī shì, bù liǎnglì yě....... Fèi jìngshàng wèifǎ zhī mín, ér yǎng yóuxiá sījiàn zhī shǔ. Jǔxíng rú cǐ, zhìqiáng bùkě dé yě. [Pinyin]
Therefore, incompatible things do not coexist. For [...] to neglect the men who respect the superior and revere the law, and at the same time to maintain gangs of wandering cavaliers and self-seeking swordsmen: out of such incompatible acts, how can a state attain order and strength?

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yóuxiá

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄚˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴ hap⁶, jau⁴ haap⁶
Min Nan (POJ): iû-kiap / iû-hia̍p

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yóuxiá
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄚˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yóusiá
  - Wade–Giles: yu²-hsia²
  - Yale: yóu-syá
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: youshya
  - Palladius: юся (jusja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯³⁵ ɕjä³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jau⁴ hap⁶, jau⁴ haap⁶
  - Yale: yàuh hahp, yàuh haahp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴ hap⁹, jau⁴ haap⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁴ heb⁶, yeo⁴ hab⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹ hɐp̚²/, /jɐu̯²¹ haːp̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iû-kiap
  - Tâi-lô: iû-kiap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iu'kiab
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iu²⁴⁻²² kiap̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iu²⁴⁻²² kiap̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iû-hia̍p
  - Tâi-lô: iû-hia̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iu'hiap
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu¹³⁻²² hiap̚¹²¹/

Middle Chinese: /jɨu ɦep̚/

Rime
Character	遊	俠
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	添 (158)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	以周切	胡頰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨu/	/ɦep̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiu/	/ɦep̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iəu/	/ɣɛp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juw/	/ɦɛp̚/
Li Rong	/iu/	/ɣep̚/
Wang Li	/jĭəu/	/ɣiep̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ə̯u/	/ɣiep̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóu	xié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau⁴	jip⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*lu ɡeːb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	遊
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yóu
Middle Chinese	‹ yuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[N-]ru/
English	wander about
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	遊	俠
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	15546	5915
Phonetic component	斿	夾
Rime group	幽	盍
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	猷	協
Old Chinese	/*lu/	/*ɡeːb/
Notes	同遊

Noun

遊俠

(historical) knight-errant
(role-playing games, fantasy) ranger

Synonyms

豪俠／豪侠 (háoxiá)
劍俠／剑侠 (jiànxiá)
武俠／武侠 (wǔxiá)
俠客／侠客 (xiákè)
俠士／侠士 (xiáshì)

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