鮮卑

See also: 鲜卑

Chinese

		few; rare; fresh	low; base; vulgar low; base; vulgar; inferior; humble
trad. (鮮卑)		鮮	卑
simp. (鲜卑)		鲜	卑

Etymology

Borrowed from Xianbei *serbi.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Xiānbēi

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢㄅㄟ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sin¹ bei¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Siên-pî
Min Nan (POJ): Sian-pi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Xiānbēi
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢㄅㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Sianbei
  - Wade–Giles: Hsien¹-pei¹
  - Yale: Syān-bēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shianbei
  - Palladius: Сяньбэй (Sjanʹbɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɛn⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sin¹ bei¹
  - Yale: sīn bēi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sin¹ bei¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xin¹ béi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːn⁵⁵ pei̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Siên-pî
  - Hakka Romanization System: xien´ bi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xian¹ bi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ɕi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ pi²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sian-pi
  - Tâi-lô: Sian-pi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sienpy
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɛn³³ pi³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ pi⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ pi⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /siᴇn piᴇ/

Rime
Character	鮮	卑
Reading #	1/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	相然切	府移切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siᴇn/	/piᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/siɛn/	/piɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/sjæn/	/pjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sian/	/piə̆/
Li Rong	/siɛn/	/pie/
Wang Li	/sĭɛn/	/pǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯ɛn/	/pie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiān	bī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sin¹	bei¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s[a]r pe/

(Zhengzhang): /*sen pe/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鮮	卑
Reading #	2/3	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiān	bēi
Middle Chinese	‹ sjen ›	‹ pjie ›
Old Chinese	/*s[a]r/	/*pe/
English	鮮卑 *s[a]r.pe Xiānbēi	鮮卑 *s[a]r.pe Xiānbēi
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鮮	卑
Reading #	1/3	1/1
No.	13490	368
Phonetic component	鮮	卑
Rime group	元	支
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	仙	卑
Old Chinese	/*sen/	/*pe/
Notes	說文羴省聲

Proper noun

鮮卑

(historical) Xianbei (group of northern nomadic peoples)
a surname

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鮮卑):

→ Japanese: 鮮(せん)卑(ぴ) (senpi)
→ Korean: 선비(鮮卑) (seonbi)
→ Vietnamese: Tiên Ti (鮮卑)

Others:

→ English: Xianbei

Japanese

Kanji in this term
鮮	卑
せん Grade: S	ひ > ぴ Grade: S
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
鮮卑 (kyūjitai)

Proper noun

鮮(せん)卑(ぴ) • (Senpi)

Xianbei (group of northern nomadic peoples)

Korean

Hanja in this term
鮮	卑

Proper noun

鮮卑 • (Seonbi) (hangeul 선비)

Hanja form^? of 선비 (“Xianbei (group of northern nomadic peoples)”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
鮮	卑

Proper noun

鮮卑

chữ Hán form of Tiên Ti (“Xianbei (group of northern nomadic peoples)”).

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