많다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 만〯ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: mǎn-hòtá), equivalent to 만〯 (Yale: mǎn) + ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: hòtá, > modern 하다 (hada)).

The first element is usually, though somewhat speculatively, connected to Sino-Korean 萬 (mǎn, “ten thousand; myriad; (figuratively) countless”).[1] Displaced native 하다〮 (Yale: hàtá, “to be many”).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈma̠(ː)ntʰa̠]
- (file)
Phonetic hangul: [만(ː)타]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	manta
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	manhda
McCune–Reischauer^?	mant'a
Yale Romanization^?	mānhta

Adjective

많다 • (manta) (infinitive 많아, sequential 많으니)

(to be) many, much, a lot, plentiful
돈이 많은 사람
doni maneun saram
someone who has a lot of money; a rich person (lit. "a person whose money is plentiful")

오늘 전시회 방문자 가 많다.
Oneul jeonsihoe bangmunja-ga manta.
Today there are many visitors at the exhibition.

할 일 이 너무 많다.
Hal il-i neomu manta.
There is so much work to do.

나는 많은 노력 을 기울였다.
Naneun maneun noryeok-eul giuryeotda.
I made a great effort.

Antonym: 적다 (jeokda, “(to be) few”)

Conjugation

Selected forms of the adjective 많다 (manta): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	많다 manta	많아 mana	많아요 manayo	많습니다 manseumnida
Indicative	Past	많았다 manatda	많았어 manasseo	많았어요 manasseoyo	많았습니다 manatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	많으냐 maneunya	많아 mana	많아요 manayo	많습니까 manseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	많았냐 manannya	많았어 manasseo	많았어요 manasseoyo	많았습니까 manatseumnikka
Assertive		많겠다 manketda	많겠어 mankesseo	많겠어요 mankesseoyo	많겠습니다 manketseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		많아 mana	많아서 manaseo	많으니 maneuni	많으니까 maneunikka
Contrast		많지만 manchiman	많은데 maneunde	많더니 manteoni
Conjunction		많고 manko
Condition		많으면 maneumyeon	많아야 manaya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		많음 maneum	많기 manki
Past-tense verbal nouns		많았음 manasseum	많았기 manatgi
Determiners	Present		많은 maneun
Determiners	Future		많을 maneul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	많으시다 maneusida	많으셔 maneusyeo	많으세요, 많으셔요 maneuseyo, maneusyeoyo	많으십니다 maneusimnida
Indicative	Past	많으셨다 maneusyeotda	많으셨어 maneusyeosseo	많으셨어요 maneusyeosseoyo	많으셨습니다 maneusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	많으시냐 maneusinya	많으셔 maneusyeo	많으세요, 많으셔요 maneuseyo, maneusyeoyo	많으십니까 maneusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	많으셨냐 maneusyeonnya	많으셨어 maneusyeosseo	많으셨어요 maneusyeosseoyo	많으셨습니까 maneusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		많으시겠다 maneusigetda	많으시겠어 maneusigesseo	많으시겠어요 maneusigesseoyo	많으시겠습니다 maneusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		많으셔 maneusyeo	많으셔서 maneusyeoseo	많으시니 maneusini	많으시니까 maneusinikka
Contrast		많으시지만 maneusijiman	많으신데 maneusinde	많으시더니 maneusideoni
Conjunction		많으시고 maneusigo
Condition		많으시면 maneusimyeon	많으셔야 maneusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		많으심 maneusim	많으시기 maneusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		많으셨음 maneusyeosseum	많으셨기 maneusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		많으신 maneusin
Determiners	Future		많으실 maneusil

Derived terms

많이 (mani) (adverb)

References

Samuel E. Martin (1992) A Reference Grammar of Korean: A Complete Guide to the Grammar and History of the Korean Language, first edition, Charles E. Tuttle Publishing Co., Inc., →ISBN, page 686

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[1] Samuel E. Martin (1992) A Reference Grammar of Korean: A Complete Guide to the Grammar and History of the Korean Language, first edition, Charles E. Tuttle Publishing Co., Inc., →ISBN, page 686

많다