적다

Korean

Etymology 1

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 젹〯다〮 (Yale: cyěk-tá). Ablaut form: 작다 (jakda, “to be small”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈt͡ɕɘ(ː)k̚t͈a̠]
Phonetic hangul: [적(ː)따]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	jeokda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	jeogda
McCune–Reischauer^?	chŏkta
Yale Romanization^?	cēkta

Adjective

적다 • (jeokda) (infinitive 적어, sequential 적으니)

to be little, to be few
Antonym: 많다 (manta, “to be many”)

Conjugation

Selected forms of the adjective 적다 (jeokda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	적다 jeokda	적어 jeogeo	적어요 jeogeoyo	적습니다 jeokseumnida
Indicative	Past	적었다 jeogeotda	적었어 jeogeosseo	적었어요 jeogeosseoyo	적었습니다 jeogeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	적으냐 jeogeunya	적어 jeogeo	적어요 jeogeoyo	적습니까 jeokseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	적었냐 jeogeonnya	적었어 jeogeosseo	적었어요 jeogeosseoyo	적었습니까 jeogeotseumnikka
Assertive		적겠다 jeokgetda	적겠어 jeokgesseo	적겠어요 jeokgesseoyo	적겠습니다 jeokgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		적어 jeogeo	적어서 jeogeoseo	적으니 jeogeuni	적으니까 jeogeunikka
Contrast		적지만 jeokjiman	적은데 jeogeunde	적더니 jeokdeoni
Conjunction		적고 jeokgo
Condition		적으면 jeogeumyeon	적어야 jeogeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		적음 jeogeum	적기 jeokgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		적었음 jeogeosseum	적었기 jeogeotgi
Determiners	Present		적은 jeogeun
Determiners	Future		적을 jeogeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	적으시다 jeogeusida	적으셔 jeogeusyeo	적으세요, 적으셔요 jeogeuseyo, jeogeusyeoyo	적으십니다 jeogeusimnida
Indicative	Past	적으셨다 jeogeusyeotda	적으셨어 jeogeusyeosseo	적으셨어요 jeogeusyeosseoyo	적으셨습니다 jeogeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	적으시냐 jeogeusinya	적으셔 jeogeusyeo	적으세요, 적으셔요 jeogeuseyo, jeogeusyeoyo	적으십니까 jeogeusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	적으셨냐 jeogeusyeonnya	적으셨어 jeogeusyeosseo	적으셨어요 jeogeusyeosseoyo	적으셨습니까 jeogeusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		적으시겠다 jeogeusigetda	적으시겠어 jeogeusigesseo	적으시겠어요 jeogeusigesseoyo	적으시겠습니다 jeogeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		적으셔 jeogeusyeo	적으셔서 jeogeusyeoseo	적으시니 jeogeusini	적으시니까 jeogeusinikka
Contrast		적으시지만 jeogeusijiman	적으신데 jeogeusinde	적으시더니 jeogeusideoni
Conjunction		적으시고 jeogeusigo
Condition		적으시면 jeogeusimyeon	적으셔야 jeogeusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		적으심 jeogeusim	적으시기 jeogeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		적으셨음 jeogeusyeosseum	적으셨기 jeogeusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		적으신 jeogeusin
Determiners	Future		적으실 jeogeusil

Etymology 2

First attested in the Beonyeok nogeoldae (飜譯老乞大 / 번역노걸대), 1517, as Middle Korean 뎍다〮 (Yale: tyèk-tá).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚t͈a̠]
Phonetic hangul: [적따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	jeokda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	jeogda
McCune–Reischauer^?	chŏkta
Yale Romanization^?	cekta

Verb

Korean verb set
Base	적다 (jeokda)
Causative	적히다 (jeokhida)
Passive	적히다 (jeokhida)

적다 • (jeokda) (infinitive 적어, sequential 적으니)

(transitive, sometimes intransitive) to write, to write down
Synonym: 쓰다 (sseuda)

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 적다 (jeokda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	적는다 jeongneunda	적어 jeogeo	적어요 jeogeoyo	적습니다 jeokseumnida
Indicative	Past	적었다 jeogeotda	적었어 jeogeosseo	적었어요 jeogeosseoyo	적었습니다 jeogeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	적느냐 jeongneunya	적어 jeogeo	적어요 jeogeoyo	적습니까 jeokseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	적었느냐 jeogeonneunya	적었어 jeogeosseo	적었어요 jeogeosseoyo	적었습니까 jeogeotseumnikka
Hortative		적자 jeokja	적어 jeogeo	적어요 jeogeoyo	적읍시다 jeogeupsida
Imperative		적어라 jeogeora	적어 jeogeo	적어요 jeogeoyo	적읍시오 jeogeupsio
Assertive		적겠다 jeokgetda	적겠어 jeokgesseo	적겠어요 jeokgesseoyo	적겠습니다 jeokgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		적어 jeogeo	적어서 jeogeoseo	적으니 jeogeuni	적으니까 jeogeunikka
Contrast		적지만 jeokjiman	적는데 jeongneunde	적더니 jeokdeoni
Conjunction		적고 jeokgo
Condition		적으면 jeogeumyeon	적어야 jeogeoya
Motive		적으려고 jeogeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		적음 jeogeum	적기 jeokgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		적었음 jeogeosseum	적었기 jeogeotgi
Determiners	Past	적은 jeogeun
	Present	적는 jeongneun
	Future	적을 jeogeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	적으신다 jeogeusinda	적으셔 jeogeusyeo	적으세요, 적으셔요 jeogeuseyo, jeogeusyeoyo	적으십니다 jeogeusimnida
Indicative	Past	적으셨다 jeogeusyeotda	적으셨어 jeogeusyeosseo	적으셨어요 jeogeusyeosseoyo	적으셨습니다 jeogeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	적으시느냐 jeogeusineunya	적으셔 jeogeusyeo	적으세요, 적으셔요 jeogeuseyo, jeogeusyeoyo	적으십니까 jeogeusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	적으셨느냐 jeogeusyeonneunya	적으셨어 jeogeusyeosseo	적으셨어요 jeogeusyeosseoyo	적으셨습니까 jeogeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		적으시라 jeogeusira	적으셔 jeogeusyeo	적으세요 jeogeuseyo	적으십시오 jeogeusipsio
Assertive		적으시겠다 jeogeusigetda	적으시겠어 jeogeusigesseo	적으시겠어요 jeogeusigesseoyo	적으시겠습니다 jeogeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		적으셔 jeogeusyeo	적으셔서 jeogeusyeoseo	적으시니 jeogeusini	적으시니까 jeogeusinikka
Contrast		적으시지만 jeogeusijiman	적으시는데 jeogeusineunde	적으시더니 jeogeusideoni
Conjunction		적으시고 jeogeusigo
Condition		적으시면 jeogeusimyeon	적으셔야 jeogeusyeoya
Motive		적으시려고 jeogeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		적으심 jeogeusim	적으시기 jeogeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		적으셨음 jeogeusyeosseum	적으셨기 jeogeusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	적으신 jeogeusin
	Present	적으시는 jeogeusineun
	Future	적으실 jeogeusil

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