-jad
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [jɒd]
Suffix
-jad
- (personal suffix) Used to form the definite second-person singular subjunctive of verbs.
- vár (“to wait”) → Azt mondta, hogy itt várjad. ― He said you should wait for him here.
Usage notes
- The short form is used more frequently: várjad ― várd
- See harmonic variants in the table below.
Subjunctive/imperative definite – personal endings
| Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| én | 1st person singular | -jam | -jem | |
| te | 2nd person singular | -d | ||
| long form | -jad | -jed | ||
| ő maga / ön |
3rd person singular | -ja | -je | |
| mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -jétek | |
| ők maguk / önök |
3rd person plural | -ják | -jék | |
| See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
| Verb ending | Assimilation rules of -j | |||
| s sz z dz |
The -j assimilates to the verb ending: keres → keress metsz → metssz hoz → hozz edz → eddz (No change in the short -d form of 2nd-person singular definite: keresd, metszd, hozd, edzd.) | |||
| st szt |
The -t is removed, the -j assimilates to the -s, -sz: fest → fess fáraszt → fárassz Short -d forms: fesd, fáraszd. | |||
| long vowel + t or consonant + t |
The -j becomes -s: segít → segíts bont → bonts Exceptions: bocsát → bocsáss, lát → láss Short -d forms: segítsd, bontsd; lásd, bocsásd. | |||
| short vowel + t | Both the stem-final -t and the -j become -s: mutat → mutass, szeret → szeress Short -d forms: mutasd, szeresd. | |||
See also
- Category:Hungarian verb forms
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
Polish
Etymology
Deverbal of jeść (“to eat”)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jat/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -at
- Syllabification: jad
Usage notes
May be informal, or even derogatory.
Declension
Impersonal animate nouns:
Declension of -jad
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -jad | -jady |
| genitive | -jada | -jadów |
| dative | -jadowi | -jadom |
| accusative | -jada | -jadów |
| instrumental | -jadem | -jadami |
| locative | -jadzie | -jadach |
| vocative | -jadzie | -jady |
Personal nouns:
Declension of -jad
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -jad | -jady |
| genitive | -jada | -jadów |
| dative | -jadowi | -jadom |
| accusative | -jada | -jady |
| instrumental | -jadem | -jadami |
| locative | -jadzie | -jadach |
| vocative | -jadzie | -jady |
Derived terms
Polish terms suffixed with -jad
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