-sul

See also: sul, Sul, súl, sùl, sül, sůl, and -sül

Azerbaijani
Other scripts
Cyrillic -сул
Perso-Arabic -سول‎

Etymology

From Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (yoksul), which is, according to Clauson, a corruption of the suffix -siz (“without”) in the earlier yoksuz, which was displaced by yoksul in several Turkic languages.[1]

Suffix

-sul

  1. non-productive adjective-deriving suffix
    ‎yox (“nothing; there is not”) + ‎-sul → ‎yoxsul (“poor, impoverished”)

References
  1. Clauson, Gerard (1972) An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 903

Hungarian

Etymology

-s (adjective suffix) + -ul (verb-forming suffix) [1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ʃul]

Suffix

-sul

  1. (verb-forming suffix) Used to form an intransitive verb similarly to the suffix -ul. Nouns and adjectives ending in ó/ő, ú/ű use it frequently.
    állandó (“permanent”) → állandósul (“to become permanent”)

Usage notes
  • (verb-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -sul is added to back vowel words
    -sül is added to front vowel words

Conjugation
conjugation of -sul
1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal		 3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		 1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal		 3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. -sulok -sulsz -sul -sulunk -sultok -sulnak
Def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indef. -sultam -sultál -sult -sultunk -sultatok -sultak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Condi­tional
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. -sulnék -sulnál -sulna -sulnánk -sulnátok -sulnának
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Sub­junc­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. -suljak -sulj or
-suljál		 -suljon -suljunk -suljatok -suljanak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Infinitive -sulni -sulnom -sulnod -sulnia -sulnunk -sulnotok -sulniuk
Other nonfinite
verb forms		 Verbal noun Present participle Past participle Future part. Adverbial part. Potential
-sulás -suló -sult ― -sulva -sulhat

Derived terms
Hungarian verbs suffixed with -sul

See also
  • -sít
  • Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

References
  1. -sul in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Turkish

Etymology

From Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (yoksul), which is, according to Clauson, a corruption of the suffix -siz (“without”) in the earlier yoksuz, which was displaced by yoksul in several Turkic languages.[1]

The word "varsıl", meaning "rich", is the only word that also is using this suffix.

Suffix

-sul

  1. adjective-deriving suffix
    ‎yok (“nothing; there is not”) + ‎-sul → ‎yoksul (“poor, impoverished”)
    ‎var (“there is”) + ‎-sul → ‎varsıl (“rich, affluent”)

Derived terms
Turkish terms suffixed with -sul

References
  1. Clauson, Gerard (1972) An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 903
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