< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/after

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From the locative form of Pre-Germanic *h₂ep(o)teros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away, off, from”) + *-teros.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɑɸ.ter/

Adverb

*after[1]

  1. after, behind

Preposition

*after[1]

  1. after, behind [+dative]

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *aftar, *after
  • Proto-Norse: ᚨᚠᛏᛖᚱ (after)
    • Old Norse: eptir, ęptir, eftir, ept; ᛁᚠᛏᛁᛦ (iftiʀ), ᛁᚠᛏᛁᚱ (iftir), ᛁᛒᛏᛁᛦ (ibtiʀ), ᛅᚠᛏᛁᛦ (aftiʀ), ᚬᚠᛏᛁᛦ (ąftiʀ), ᛅᛒᛏᛁᛦ (abtiʀ)
      • Icelandic: eftir
      • Faroese: eftir
      • Norn: efter
      • Middle Norwegian: ettir
        • Norwegian Nynorsk: etter
          • → Norwegian Bokmål: etter
      • Old Jamtish: efti
      • Elfdalian: etter
      • Old Swedish: æptir, æftir, ættir
      • Old Danish: æftær, æftir
        • Danish: efter
          • Norwegian Bokmål: efter (unofficial, riksmål)
        • Scanian: ætte
      • Old Gutnish: eptir, aktr, ebtir, efter, eftir, epter
        • Gutnish: etta, ettar, yttur (fårö)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*after(i)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 3
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