< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flōaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Possibly from a pre-form *plōw-, the lengthened o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European *plew-[2]. Alternatively from *pleh₃-[3].

Kroonen explains the alternation between -w- (in Anglo-Saxon) and -j- (in Low German) as a result of hiatus after the regular loss of *u after *ō.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɸlɔː.ɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*flōaną[2]

  1. to flow

Inflection
Conjugation of *flōaną (strong class 7e)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *flōō*flōaų—*flōai ?
2nd singular *flōizi*flōaiz*flō*flōazai*flōaizau
3rd singular *flōidi*flōai*flōadau*flōadai*flōaidau
1st dual *flōōz*flōaiw———
2nd dual *flōadiz*flōaidiz*flōadiz——
1st plural *flōamaz*flōaim—*flōandai*flōaindau
2nd plural *flōid*flōaid*flōid*flōandai*flōaindau
3rd plural *flōandi*flōain*flōandau*flōandai*flōaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *feflō*feflōį̄
2nd singular *feflōt*feflōīz
3rd singular *feflō*feflōī
1st dual *feflōū*feflōīw
2nd dual *feflōudiz*feflōīdiz
1st plural *feflōum*feflōīm
2nd plural *feflōud*feflōīd
3rd plural *feflōun*feflōīn
present past
participles *flōandz*flōanaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *flōan
    • Old English: flōwan
    • Old Frisian: *flōja
      • Saterland Frisian: flouje
      • West Frisian: floeie
    • Old Saxon: *flōian
      • Middle Low German: vlôien, vlôigen, vlôgen
        • Low German: floien, flojen
    • Old Dutch: *fluoien
    • Old High German: flouwen, flawjan, flawen, flewen
      • Middle High German: flæjen, vlæjen, vlæen, vlæn
  • Old Norse: flóa
    • Icelandic: flóa
    • Norwegian: flo

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “flōwanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 108
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*flōan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 147
  3. Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “vloeien”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
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