< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tawjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Factitive derived from an adjective *tawaz, from Pre-Germanic *dowh₂os, from Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂-. Possibly attested as *gatawaz, borrowed into Proto-Slavic *gotovъ, though this is disputed.[1]

Cognate with Tocharian B tsuwa and Ancient Greek δύναμαι (dúnamai).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtɑu̯.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*tawjaną

  1. to make, complete

Inflection
Conjugation of *tawjaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *tawjō*tawjaų—*tawjai ?
2nd singular *tawisi*tawjais*tawi*tawjasai*tawjaisau
3rd singular *tawiþi*tawjai*tawjaþau*tawjaþai*tawjaiþau
1st dual *tawjōs*tawjaiw———
2nd dual *tawjaþiz*tawjaiþiz*tawjaþiz——
1st plural *tawjamaz*tawjaim—*tawjanþai*tawjainþau
2nd plural *tawiþ*tawjaiþ*tawiþ*tawjanþai*tawjainþau
3rd plural *tawjanþi*tawjain*tawjanþau*tawjanþai*tawjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *tawidǭ*tawidēdį̄
2nd singular *tawidēz*tawidēdīz
3rd singular *tawidē*tawidēdī
1st dual *tawidēdū*tawidēdīw
2nd dual *tawidēdudiz*tawidēdīdiz
1st plural *tawidēdum*tawidēdīm
2nd plural *tawidēdud*tawidēdīd
3rd plural *tawidēdun*tawidēdīn
present past
participles *tawjandz*tawidaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *tauwjan, *tawōn
    • Old English: tawian (class 2 weak) (< *tawōn); tēaġan, tēan
    • Old Saxon: *tōian
    • Old Dutch: *touwen, *tōien
    • Old High German: zouwen
      • Middle High German: zouwen (in bezouwen, enzouwen, erzouwen, etc.), zöuwen
  • Proto-Norse: ᛏᚨᚹᛁᛞᛟ (tawidō, 1st singular past indicative), ᛏᚨᚹᛁᛞᛖ (tawidē, 3rd singular past indicative)
    • Old Norse: tǿja, týja
      • Icelandic: tæja
  • Gothic: 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taujan)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “taujan”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 511
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