Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰes-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ǵʰes-[1][2]

hand
to take, give in exchange

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰes-

Descendants

*ǵʰésr̥ ~ *ǵʰs-r-és[3][4][2] or *ǵʰés-ōr ~ *ǵʰes-r-és[2][5] or *ǵʰs-ḗr ~ *ǵʰs-r-és[5]
*ǵʰés-lom (“heap, thousand”)[2][6][7]
*ǵʰós-tos[8][2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰástas (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *hos-tos
  - Latin: hostus (“the yield of olive from a single pressing”)
*ǵʰos-t-i-yo-[2]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: pažastìs, pažastė̃, pažastỹs (with pa-, põ, < *h₂pó)
  - Czech: paže
  - Slovak: paže
- Italic:
  - Latin: hostia

References

Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell
Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*g̑ʰes-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 170-172
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “χείρ, χειρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1620-1621
Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “keššar / kiššer- / kišr-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 545-547
Adams, Douglas Q. (1999), “ṣar*”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “mīlle”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 379-380
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “χίλιοι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page volume-I of 1633-1634
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “hostus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292

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[1] Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell

[LIN-2] Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*g̑ʰes-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 170-172

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “χείρ, χειρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1620-1621

[4] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “keššar / kiššer- / kišr-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 545-547

[Adams-5] Adams, Douglas Q. (1999), “ṣar*”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN

[6] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “mīlle”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 379-380

[7] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “χίλιοι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page volume-I of 1633-1634

[8] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “hostus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292