< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵerh₂-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gerh₂-
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ǵerh₂-[1]

  1. to grow old, to mature[2]

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵerh₂-
  • *ǵérh₂-e-ti (root present)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́árati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́árati
        • Sanskrit: जरति (járati)
  • *ǵr̥h₂-nó-m (“grain”)
  • *ǵerh₂-ró-s
    • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Proto-Iranian: *jár̥Hrah
      • Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬭𐬀‎ (zaurura, “old age”)
  • *ǵr̥h₂-yéw-s
  • *ǵ(e)rh₂-yó-s
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: γεραιός (geraiós), γραῖᾱ (graîā), Γραῖαι (Graîai), Γραῖα (Graîa, “ancient city”), Γραῖος (Graîos)
  • *ǵr̥h₂-i-ḱó-s
  • *ǵērh₂-s
    • Proto-Hellenic:
  • *ǵérh₂-ont-s
  • *ǵérh₂-u-s ~ *ǵr̥h₂-éw-s
    • Proto-Tocharian: *śërāw'ë-
  • *ǵérh₂-mn̥ ~ *ǵr̥h₂-mén-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́árHama
      • Proto-Iranian: *járHama
        • Middle Persian: (“old age”)
          Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗‎ (zrmʾn /zarmān/), 𐫉𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫆‎ (zrmʾnyẖ /zarmānīh/)
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zlm'n' /zarmān/)
          • Persian: زرمان‎ (zarmân), زرم‎ (zarm)
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́árHama
      • Sanskrit: जरिमन् (jariman, “old age, decrepitude”)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: γήραμα (gḗrama, “old age”)
  • *ǵorh₂-o-s
    • Proto-Germanic: *karaz, *karilaz (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵorh₂-wó-s
    • Proto-Iranian: *járHwáh (“old age”)
      • Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁‎ (zauruuā, “old age”)
      • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾzr)
      • Sogdian: [Term?] (“old age”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫇‎ (zrw /zarw/)
        Sogdian script: 𐼵𐽀𐼴𐼳‎ (zrwh /zarw/)
        Syriac script: ܙܪܘ‎ (zrw /zarw/)
      • Ossetian: зӕруӕ (zærwæ, “old age”)
      • Pashto: زړوالۍ‎ (zaṛwā́lay, “old age”)
      • Parthian: 𐫉𐫡𐫇𐫀𐫗‎ (zrwʾn /zarwān/, “old age”)
  • *ǵorh₂-tó-s
    • Proto-Iranian: *járHtáh (“old; old age”)
      • Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀‎ (zarəta, “old”)
      • → Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫉𐫡𐫅‎ (zrd /zard/, “infirm; old age”)
        • Persian: زال‎ (zâl, “Zāl (a mythological person in Shahnameh who has an old face and white hairs); albino”); زر‎ (zar, “old”)
      • Sogdian: [Term?] (“old age; oldwoman”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫤𐫐‎ (zyrtk /zirt(a)/)
        Sogdian script: 𐼵𐼷𐽀𐽂𐼳‎ (zyrth /zirt(a), zert(a)/)
      • Pashto: زړه‎ (zaŗa, “old”), زوړ‎ (zoŗ, “old”), زاړه‎ (zāṛә́)
  • *ǵorh₂-is-to-s
    • Proto-Iranian: *járH-ištah (“oldness”)
      • Pashto: زړښت‎ (zaṛǝ́ӽt, “oldness”)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Sanskrit: जरा (jarā́, “old age”)
    • Sanskrit: जरस् (jarás, “senescence, decay, old age”)
    • Sanskrit: जर (jára, “becoming old; the act of wearing out, wasting”)
    • Sanskrit: ज्रयति (jrayati, “to grow old, overpower”)
    • Proto-Albanian: *grāwā[3]
    • Proto-Armenian:
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Proto-Slavic: *zьrěti > *zrělъ (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

References
  1. Watkins, Calvert (Ed.) (2000). The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots. Houghton Mifflin Company: Boston, New York. →ISBN.
  2. Starostin, Sergei (1998). The Tower of Babel: An Etymological Database Project.
  3. Orel, Vladimir (1998), “grua ~ grue”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 125
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