Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gel-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gel-

to be cold, to freeze

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-

*gol- (o-grade root present)
- Proto-Germanic: *kalaną (“to be cold”) (see there for further descendants)
*gol-tó-s
- Proto-Germanic: *kaldaz (“cold”) (see there for further descendants)
*gol-i-
- Proto-Germanic: *kaliz (see there for further descendants)
*gel-u-
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: gelus m, gelū n (“frost”), gelidus (“icy, frosty”) (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Baltic: *gu̯el(u)mā
    - Lithuanian: gelumà
    - ? → Proto-Finno-Permic: *külmä
      - Proto-Finnic: *külmä (see there for further descendants)
      - Proto-Permic: *kɨn
        Komi-Permyak: кын (kyn)
        
        Udmurt: кын (kyn)
      - Proto-Samic: *këlmētēk (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Slavic: *golotь
    - Old Church Slavonic: голоть (golotĭ)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: जल (jala), Sanskrit: जड (jaḍa)

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